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| Certification Vendor: | EC-COUNCIL |
|---|---|
| Exam Name: | EC-Council Digital Forensics Essentials (DFE) |
| Exam Number: | 112-57 |
| Exam Price: | Free / $0 USD |
| Passing Score: | 70% |
| Available Languages: | English |
| Certificate Validity Period: | 3 years |
| Exam Format: | Multiple Choice Questions |
| Real Exam Qty: | 75 |
| Exam Duration: | 120 minutes |
| Related Certifications: | Network Defense Essentials (NDE) Ethical Hacking Essentials (EHE) |
| Recommended Training: | Official Digital Forensics Essentials Course |
| Exam Registration: | EC-Council Exam Center |
| Sample Questions: | EC-COUNCIL 112-57 Sample Questions |
| Exam Way: | Online proctored exam / Authorized testing centers |
| Pre Condition: | No formal prerequisites; basic IT knowledge recommended |
| Official Syllabus URL: | https://www.eccouncil.org/train-certify/digital-forensics-essentials-dfe/ |
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NEW QUESTION # 21
Identify the malware analysis technique in which the investigators must take a snapshot of the baseline state of the forensic workstation before malware execution.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The technique described-taking a snapshot of the baseline state of the forensic workstation before executing malware-aligns withMonitoring host integrity. In malware forensics, investigators often perform controlled execution (dynamic analysis) and need a reliable way to identifywhat changed on the systemas a direct result of the malware run. Host integrity monitoring is a structured approach where the examiner first captures aknown-good baselineof critical system elements such as file system state (key directories, system binaries), registry/configuration state, running services, installed drivers, scheduled tasks, and sometimes hash inventories of important files. After malware execution, the investigator captures a second snapshot and performsdifferential comparisonto determine newly created/modified files, persistence mechanisms, configuration changes, dropped payloads, and tampering attempts.
This baseline-before/after comparison is fundamental for attributing changes to the sample, supporting repeatability, and documenting evidence in a defensible manner. The other options do not require a workstation baseline snapshot in this sense:online malware scanningchecks a file against signatures/reputation services;string searchextracts readable strings from binaries; andfile fingerprintingtypically refers to hashing to uniquely identify a file, not system-wide state comparison. Therefore, the correct answer isMonitoring host integrity (B).
NEW QUESTION # 22
In which of the following attacks does an attacker trick high-profile executives such as CEOs, CFOs, politicians, and celebrities to reveal critical corporate and personal information through email or website spoofing?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The scenario describes a targeted social-engineering attack aimed specifically athigh-profile individuals (CEOs, CFOs, politicians, celebrities) and usesemail or website spoofingto deceive them into disclosing sensitive information. In digital forensics and incident response documentation, this is most accurately categorized aswhaling, a specialized form of phishing that focuses on "big targets" (often called "high-value targets" or "VIPs"). Whaling campaigns typically use highly tailored pretexts (e.g., legal subpoenas, board communications, invoice/payment requests, HR or executive directives) and may include spoofed sender domains, look-alike websites, or fraudulent login pages to harvest credentials and confidential corporate data.
Because executives often have access to financial systems, strategic documents, and privileged communications, attackers concentrate effort on realism and personalization, making whaling distinct from broad, generic phishing.
By contrast,smishingis phishing conducted via SMS/text messages,spimmingis spam over instant messaging platforms, andidentity fraudis a broader category involving impersonation/misuse of personal data but does not specifically denote the executive-targeted spoofing technique described. Therefore, the attack type in the question isWhaling (A).
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following layers of the TCP/IP model includes protocols such as Frame Relay, SMDS, Fast Ethernet, SLIP, PPP, FDDI, ATM, Ethernet, and ARP to enable a machine to deliver the desired data to other hosts in the same network?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The protocols listed-Frame Relay, SMDS, Fast Ethernet, SLIP, PPP, FDDI, ATM, Ethernet, and ARP- belong to the portion of the TCP/IP model responsible forlocal network deliveryand direct interaction with the physical media and link-layer addressing. In TCP/IP terminology, this is theNetwork Access layer(also called the Link layer or Network Interface layer). It combines functions that map closely to the OSIData LinkandPhysicallayers.
This layer is essential for delivering frames within the same network segment because it governs how devices access the medium (e.g., Ethernet), how frames are formatted and transmitted, and how hardware addressing works.ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)is especially important here: it resolvesIP addresses to MAC addressesso that an IP packet can be encapsulated into a link-layer frame and delivered to the correct local host or next-hop gateway. Technologies like PPP/SLIP support point-to-point links, while Frame Relay/ATM represent WAN/link technologies, all of which still sit under IP and provide the mechanisms for moving data across the immediate network path.
TheInternet layerhandles IP routing between networks, theTransport layerprovides end-to-end host communications (TCP/UDP), and theApplication layerprovides user protocols. Therefore, the correct layer isNetwork access layer (A).
NEW QUESTION # 24
Philip, a forensic officer, was tasked with investigating a crime scene. In this process, he created bit-by-bit copies of the suspect drive and retrieved all the disk images using the dd command.
Which of the following data acquisition image formats is extracted by Philip in the above scenario?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The UNIX/Linuxddutility performs abit-by-bit (sector-by-sector) copyfrom an input device (such as a physical disk) to an output target (another device or a flat file). In digital forensics guidance, this type of output is known as araw (bitstream) imagebecause it captures the exact sequence of bytes from the source media without embedding structured case metadata, compression, or container features by default. The resulting file is often referred to as a "dd image" and may use extensions like.ddor.img, but the key point is theformat is raw: it represents a straightforward byte-for-byte representation of the original storage, including allocated data, unallocated space, slack space, and file system structures.
By contrast,AFFandAFF4are forensic container formats designed to store evidence data along with metadata (and often support features such as chunking, compression, and richer integrity structures). "Proprietary format" refers to vendor-specific containers (for example, formats created by certain commercial forensic tools) rather than the generic output produced by dd. Since Philip specifically usedddto create bit-by-bit disk images, the extracted acquisition image format isRaw Format (A).
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following MAC forensic data components saves file information and related events using a token with a binary structure?
Answer: B
Explanation:
On macOS, theBasic Security Module (BSM)provides the system'saudit framework, which records security- relevant activity such asfile access, process execution, authentication events, privilege changes, and other system calls. A key forensic characteristic of BSM auditing is that events are written asbinary audit records composed of "tokens."Each token represents a structured piece of the event (for example: subject/user identity, process ID, command arguments, path, return value, timestamps), and tokens are assembled into complete audit records. Because these audit logs arebinary and tokenized, they are compact, consistent, and designed for reliable parsing and evidentiary reconstruction-important when building timelines of file- related actions and attributing them to specific users and processes.
The other options do not match the "binary token" description.Command-line inputsmay be stored in shell history files but are plain text and not tokenized binary audit records.User accountartifacts (e.g., directory services, plist files) describe identities and settings, not tokenized event logs.Kexts(kernel extensions) are drivers/modules; while they can affect system behavior, they are not the macOS component that stores file
/event records in a binary token format. Therefore, the correct answer isBasic Security Module (C).
NEW QUESTION # 26
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