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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Cluster Setup | 10% | - Use Cis benchmarks to check Kubernetes cluster settings - Manage sensitive information in clusters - Understand the security implications of embedding cloud provider flags - Use Pod Security Policies to control security-related pod behaviors - Use role-based access control (RBAC) to minimize exposure - Implement Pod-to-Pod encryption using mTLS or WireGuard - Configure TLS certificates and minimum version for etcd |
| System Hardening | 15% | - Understand the concept of OPA (Open Policy Agent) and Gatekeeper - Kernel defaults and parameters using sysctl - Modify host components to improve security - Enable audit logging |
| Supply Chain Security | 20% | - Sign container images and verify signatures - Understand the software supply chain best practices - Use image admission controllers to prevent use of untrusted images - Minimize base image footprint - Use static analysis tools to detect vulnerabilities - Use distroless images for static workload - Understand the container build process - Understand image security scanning and its workflow |
| Minimize Microservice Vulnerabilities | 20% | - Set appropriate security contexts for pods and containers - Use PSP to enforce security controls - Configure network policies for namespace isolation - Understand the principle of immutable containers - Use OPA Gatekeeper to enforce security controls - Use AppArmor or seccomp profiles to constrain container behavior |
| Monitoring, Logging, and Runtime Security | 20% | - Detect threats at the container level - Perform behavioral analytics to detect malicious activity - Falco - container security monitoring and threat detection - Understand and monitor network traffic - Minimize the attack surface using container health indicators - Audit and detect logs and events for anomalies |
| Cluster Hardening | 15% | - Minimize admission of containers with sharing the host IPC namespace - Minimize admission of containers without seccomp profiles - Minimize admission of containers without AppArmor profile - Minimize admission of containers with allowPrivilegeEscalation - Minimize admission of containers without a security context - Minimize admission of containers with raw block devices - Minimize admission of containers with FlexVolume volumes - Minimize admission of containers that allow host namespaces - Minimize admission of containers with sharing the host network namespace - Minimize admission of containers with sharing the host process namespace - Minimize admission of containers with added capabilities - Minimize admission of containers with capabilities assigned - Minimize admission of containers with hostPath volumes - Minimize admission of privileged containers |
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NEW QUESTION # 60
Cluster: admission-cluster
Master node: master
Worker node: worker1
You can switch the cluster/configuration context using the following command:
[desk@cli] $ kubectl config use-context admission-cluster
Context:
A container image scanner is set up on the cluster, but it's not yet fully integrated into the cluster's configuration. When complete, the container image scanner shall scan for and reject the use of vulnerable images.
Task:
You have to complete the entire task on the cluster's master node, where all services and files have been prepared and placed.
Given an incomplete configuration in directory /etc/Kubernetes/config and a functional container image scanner with HTTPS endpoint https://imagescanner.local:8181/image_policy:
1. Enable the necessary plugins to create an image policy
2. Validate the control configuration and change it to an implicit deny
3. Edit the configuration to point to the provided HTTPS endpoint correctly Finally, test if the configuration is working by trying to deploy the vulnerable resource /home/cert_masters/test-pod.yml Note: You can find the container image scanner's log file at /var/log/policy/scanner.log
Answer:
Explanation:
[master@cli] $ cd /etc/Kubernetes/config
1. Edit kubeconfig to explicity deny
[master@cli] $ vim kubeconfig.json
"defaultAllow": false # Change to false
2. fix server parameter by taking its value from ~/.kube/config
[master@cli] $cat /etc/kubernetes/config/kubeconfig.yaml | grep server
server:
3. Enable ImagePolicyWebhook
[master@cli] $ vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
- --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction,ImagePolicyWebhook # Add this
- --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/config/kubeconfig.json # Add this Explanation
[desk@cli] $ ssh master
[master@cli] $ cd /etc/Kubernetes/config
[master@cli] $ vim kubeconfig.json
{
"imagePolicy": {
"kubeConfigFile": "/etc/kubernetes/config/kubeconfig.yaml",
"allowTTL": 50,
"denyTTL": 50,
"retryBackoff": 500,
"defaultAllow": true # Delete this
"defaultAllow": false # Add this
}
}
Note: We can see a missing value here, so how from where i can get this value
[master@cli] $cat ~/.kube/config | grep server
or
[master@cli] $cat /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
[master@cli] $vim /etc/kubernetes/config/kubeconfig.yaml
[master@cli] $ vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml - --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction # Delete This - --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction,ImagePolicyWebhook # Add this - --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/config/kubeconfig.json # Add this Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/
- --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction # Delete This
- --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction,ImagePolicyWebhook # Add this
- --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/config/kubeconfig.json # Add this
[master@cli] $ vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml - --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction # Delete This - --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction,ImagePolicyWebhook # Add this - --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/config/kubeconfig.json # Add this Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/
NEW QUESTION # 61
SIMULATION
Service is running on port 389 inside the system, find the process-id of the process, and stores the names of all the open-files inside the /candidate/KH77539/files.txt, and also delete the binary.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Explanation belowExplanation:
root# netstat -ltnup
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:17600 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1293/dropbox tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:17603 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1293/dropbox tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 575/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9393 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 900/perl tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 9583/docker-proxy tcp 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 9571/docker-proxy udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 8822/dhcpcd
...
root# netstat -ltnup | grep ':22'
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 575/sshd
The ss command is the replacement of the netstat command.
Now let's see how to use the ss command to see which process is listening on port 22:
root# ss -ltnup 'sport = :22'
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
tcp LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* users:("sshd",pid=575,fd=3))
NEW QUESTION # 62
You are using a managed Kubernetes offering like Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)- Implement a process to verify the integrity of the GKE platform binaries and components.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step):
1. Enable node auto-upgrade: Configure your GKE cluster to automatically upgrade nodes to the latest stable version. This ensures that security updates and bug fixes are applied promptly.
bash
gcloud container clusters update my-cluster -release-channel regular
2. Use the gcloud CLI to inspect cluster components: Use the 'gcloud container clusters describe' command to retrieve information about your GKE cluster, including the Kubernetes version, node image, and control plane version. Verify that these versions are up-to-date and consistent with your expectations.
bash
gcloud container clusters describe my-cluster
3. Review GKE release notes: Regularly review the GKE release notes ([https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/release-notes]
(https://www.google.com/url?sa=E&source=gmail&q=https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes.engine/docs/release-notes)) to stay informed about security updates, bug fixes, and new features.
4. Enable GKE security features: Utilize GKE security features like Shielded GKE Nodes, Container-optimized OS security hardening, and Binary Authorization to enhance the security of your cluster.
5. Monitor GKE security advisories: Subscribe to Google Cloud security advisories and bulletins to stay informed about any potential vulnerabilities or security issues affecting GKE.
NEW QUESTION # 63
Using the runtime detection tool Falco, Analyse the container behavior for at least 20 seconds, using filters that detect newly spawning and executing processes in a single container of Nginx.
Answer: A
Explanation:
[timestamp],[uid],[processName]
NEW QUESTION # 64
You are running a critical application in your Kubernetes cluster and want to minimize the attack surface by removing unnecessary features from the cluster- You need to identify and disable features that are not essential for your application.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step):
1. Review Cluster Features: Analyze your cluster configuration and identity features that are not used by your critical application. This might include unnecessary network services, ingress controllers, or resource quotas.
2. Disable Unused Features:
- Network Services: You might disable or remove network services that are not required for your application's functionality. This could include removing unused NodePons or disabling unused Ingress controllers.
- Ingress Controllers: If you are not using Ingress controllers, disable them or remove the associated configuration.
- Resource Quotas: If you do not need resource quotas for your application, disable them.
- Other Features: You can disable other features like the dashboard, network policy enforcement, or other security features that you may not require.
3. Disable Unnecessary Components: Remove unused components or services that are not essential for your application.
4. Minimize Services Exposed to the Internet: Only expose the necessary services to the public internet and restrict access to other services to authorized users or applications.
NEW QUESTION # 65
......
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P.S. Free & New CKS dumps are available on Google Drive shared by Exam4Tests: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1P3O1xQkmhnW6WwQNWCVhALuaXS9wsU28