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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Competency 3: Process Improvement and Problem Solving | - Cause-and-effect diagrams (fishbone diagrams) - Statistical Process Control (SPC) - Lean operations and waste elimination - Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle - Six Sigma methodology |
| Topic 2: Competency 4: Supply Chain Management | - Supply chain design and strategy - Logistics and distribution - Sourcing and procurement - Inventory management |
| Topic 3: Competency 5: Capacity Planning and Facility Layout | - Location analysis and decisions - Capacity planning strategies - Facility layout types (process, product, cellular, fixed-position) |
| Topic 4: Competency 6: Production Planning and Scheduling | - Master Production Schedule (MPS) - Aggregate planning - Just-in-Time (JIT) and Kanban systems - Theory of Constraints (TOC) - Material Requirements Planning (MRP) |
| Topic 5: Competency 1: Operations Management Fundamentals | - Product and service design - History and evolution of operations management - Operations strategy and competitive priorities |
| Topic 6: Competency 2: Quality Management | - Cost of quality (prevention, appraisal, internal/external failure) - Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria - Quality management philosophies (Deming, Juran, Crosby) - Total Quality Management (TQM) |
| Topic 7: Competency 7: Forecasting | - Forecast accuracy measures - Qualitative forecasting methods - Quantitative forecasting methods (moving averages, exponential smoothing) |
>> Operations-Management最新試験 <<
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質問 # 59
What are two common drawbacks of implementing an enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution?
Choose 2 answers
正解：B、D
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#270 words):
Two widely recognized drawbacks of ERP implementations are that theytake a long time to implement (and to realize benefits)andrequire extensive, often complex training-optionsAandB.
ERP systems integrate data and processes across functions (planning, procurement, production, inventory, finance, distribution). That integration is valuable, but it also makes implementation complex: processes must be aligned, data standardized, roles clarified, and change managed across departments. As a result, organizations often experience long project timelines before stable adoption and measurable benefits occur.
Training is a major burden because ERP changes how people work day-to-day. Users must learn new transaction flows, reporting logic, and discipline in data entry. Without strong training, adoption collapses into workarounds, bad data, and loss of trust in the system.
This connects to the operations principle that planning and control systems are "mechanisms and operating logics" used to manage resources and supplies over time to meet requests. ERP is one such enabling infrastructure-but it must support operations rather than become a constraint.
While customization can be an issue in some cases, the most universal drawbacks across organizations remain time-to-valueandtraining complexity, makingA and Bthe best answers.
質問 # 60
What is the measure of how much supply chain is owned or operated by the manufacturer?
正解：C
解説：
Vertical integrationmeasures how much of the supply chain isowned or controlled by the manufacturer.
In Operations and Supply Chain Management, vertical integration refers to the degree to which a firm performs activities upstream (suppliers) or downstream (distribution, retail) rather than relying on external partners. A highly vertically integrated company may own raw material sources, manufacturing plants, distribution centers, and even retail outlets.
Vertical integration affects:
* Cost structure
* Control over quality
* Lead times
* Supply reliability
* Strategic flexibility
The other options are not standard measures:
* Horizontal integration refers to acquiring competitors at the same stage
* "Insource" and "outsource integration" are not formal OM terms
Operations strategy evaluates vertical integration carefully because while it increases control, it also:
* Requires high capital investment
* Reduces flexibility
* Increases managerial complexity
Thus, vertical integration directly quantifies how much of the supply chain the manufacturer owns or operates.
質問 # 61
Which total quality management (TQM) process consists of 13 published standards and guidelines?
正解：B
解説：
ISO 9000is the family of international quality management standards consisting of13 published standards and guidelinesthat define the fundamentals and vocabulary of quality management systems.
The ISO 9000 family provides asystematic frameworkfor ensuring consistent processes, customer satisfaction, and continuous improvement across organizations. It does not certify products; rather, it certifies that an organization'sprocesses are controlled, documented, and continuously improved.
Key distinctions:
* ISO 9000: Overview, concepts, and terminology
* ISO 9001: Certification standard specifying requirements
* ISO 9002: (Now obsolete) Previously focused on production and installation
* ISO 1400: Environmental management standards, not quality
Operations Management values ISO 9000 because it promotes:
* Process standardization
* Documentation and traceability
* Preventive rather than corrective quality control
* Consistency across suppliers and partners
ISO 9000 supports TQM by embedding quality intoorganizational systems, not relying on inspection alone.
Certification signals reliability and discipline to customers and global partners, especially in supply chains.
By establishing a common quality language and structure, ISO 9000 enables organizations to align operations, reduce variability, and sustain long-term operational excellence.
質問 # 62
What is the third basic element in the just-in-time (JIT) system if the first element is total quality management (TQM) and the second is JIT manufacturing?
正解：A
解説：
The third foundational element of theJust-In-Time (JIT) systemisrespect for people.
JIT is not merely a production technique; it is asocio-technical systembuilt on:
* Total Quality Management (TQM)
* JIT manufacturing (waste elimination, pull systems)
* Respect for people
Respect for people emphasizes:
* Employee involvement
* Continuous improvement (Kaizen)
* Training and skill development
* Empowerment to stop processes and solve problems
Operations Management recognizes that JIT cannot function without engaged, knowledgeable employees.
Workers are expected to identify problems, suggest improvements, and maintain quality at the source.
The other options are tools or outcomes, not core principles. Respect for people integrates human capability with operational excellence, making JIT sustainable and effective.
質問 # 63
Which two factors affect a service location decision? Choose 2 answers
正解：B、D
解説：
For service organizations,proximity to customersandquality-of-life issuesare two dominant factors in location decisions.
Unlike manufacturing, service operations requiredirect customer contact. Being close to customers reduces travel time, improves convenience, enhances responsiveness, and increases perceived service quality.
Examples include hospitals, banks, restaurants, and consulting offices, where location accessibility directly influences demand.
Quality-of-life issues-such as education, healthcare, housing, safety, climate, and cultural amenities-affect the ability toattract and retain skilled service employees. Human capital is a critical input in service operations, and workforce availability often outweighs cost considerations.
The other options are less relevant:
* Manufacturing proximity matters mainly for production facilities
* Warehouse storage is a logistics concern, not a service driver
Operations Management emphasizes that service location decisions balancecustomer accessandemployee satisfaction, since both directly influence service quality, productivity, and long-term sustainability.
質問 # 64
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試験にすぐに合格する場合は、Operations-Management準備ガイドが最適です。多くのユーザーは、学ぶ時間があまりないことを知っています。これに対応して、データの内容を科学的に設定しました。断片的な時間を使って学習することができ、1分ごとに効果があります。 Operations-Management試験問題の内容を本当に吸収できるように、学習計画を調整します。この学習計画は、あなたの仕事や生活にも大きな影響を与える可能性があります。 Operations-Management学習ガイドを20〜30時間慎重に学習している限り、Operations-Management試験に進むことができます。
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