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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| State Persistence | - Storage classes and volume mounting - PersistentVolumes and PersistentVolumeClaims |
| Application Deployment | - Use Kubernetes primitives to implement deployments - Understand rolling updates and rollbacks |
| Application Environment, Configuration and Security | - Security contexts and service accounts - ConfigMaps and Secrets usage |
| Application Observability and Maintenance | - Monitor and troubleshoot applications - Understand probes and health checks |
| Services and Networking | - Pod networking concepts - Services (ClusterIP, NodePort) - Ingress basics |
| Application Design and Build | - Define, build and modify container images - Understand Jobs and CronJobs - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns |
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NEW QUESTION # 228 
Task
A deployment is falling on the cluster due to an incorrect image being specified. Locate the deployment, and fix the problem.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below
Explanation:
create deploy hello-deploy --image=nginx --dry-run=client -o yaml > hello-deploy.yaml Update deployment image to nginx:1.17.4: kubectl set image deploy/hello-deploy nginx=nginx:1.17.4
NEW QUESTION # 229
You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score.
[candidate@base] $ ssh ckad00034c
Task
A Deployment named content-marlin-deployment , running in namespace content-marlin is exposed via Ingress content-marlin-ingress .
The manifest files for the Deployment, Service and Ingress can be found at /home/candidate/content-marlin/.
The Deployment is supposed to be reachable at
http://content-marlin.local/content-marlin , but requesting this URL is currently returning an error.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Explanation below for complete solution.
Explanation:
ssh ckad00034c
You're debugging an Ingress # Service # Deployment chain. The fastest way is:
* reproduce the error with the right Host header
* check Ingress rules (host/path/backend)
* check Service (selector/port/targetPort)
* check Endpoints (do we have ready pods?)
* fix the manifest(s) under /home/candidate/content-marlin/
* apply + re-test
Below are the exact commands + the most common fixes for this exact symptom.
1) Reproduce the failing request correctly
Even if DNS isn't set up, you can test with a Host header:
curl -i -H "Host: content-marlin.local"
http://127.0.0.1/content-marlin
If your ingress controller is not on localhost, find the NodePort/LoadBalancer IP. In these labs it's often localhost via a local proxy, but if needed:
kubectl get svc -A | egrep -i 'ingress|nginx'
kubectl get nodes -o wide
(But start with the localhost curl above.)
2) Inspect the provided manifests (this is what you must edit)
cd /home/candidate/content-marlin/
ls -l
sed -n '1,200p' *.yaml
Also view what's currently live in the cluster:
kubectl -n content-marlin get deploy,svc,ingress
kubectl -n content-marlin describe ingress content-marlin-ingress
kubectl -n content-marlin get ingress content-marlin-ingress -o yaml
What to look for in the Ingress:
* spec.rules.host should be content-marlin.local
* spec.rules.http.paths[].path should match /content-marlin
* Backend service name must be your service
* Backend service port must match the service port (name or number)
* pathType should be Prefix (usually safest)
3) Validate Service # Pod wiring (most common real cause)
3.1 Check service selector and ports
kubectl -n content-marlin get svc -o wide
kubectl -n content-marlin describe svc content-marlin-deployment 2>/dev/null || true kubectl -n content-marlin describe svc Identify the service that the Ingress points to (from describe ingress).
Check if the Service selector matches pod labels:
kubectl -n content-marlin get pods --show-labels
kubectl -n content-marlin get svc <SERVICE_NAME> -o jsonpath='{.spec.selector}{"\n"}'
3.2 Check endpoints (this tells you instantly if traffic can reach pods) kubectl -n content-marlin get endpoints kubectl -n content-marlin get endpoints <SERVICE_NAME> -o wide
* If ENDPOINTS is empty # Service selector doesn't match Pods OR Pods aren't Ready.
3.3 If endpoints empty, check pod readiness and labels
kubectl -n content-marlin get pods -o wide
kubectl -n content-marlin describe pod <pod-name>
4) Apply the most likely fix patterns
Fix pattern A: Ingress path needs rewrite
If your app serves / but you route /content-marlin, you often need rewrite.
Edit content-marlin-ingress manifest (in /home/candidate/content-marlin/) to include:
* path: /content-marlin
* pathType: Prefix
* annotation: rewrite to / (common for nginx ingress)
Example (typical nginx-ingress):
metadata:
annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
spec:
rules:
- host: content-marlin.local
http:
paths:
- path: /content-marlin
pathType: Prefix
backend:
service:
name: <SERVICE_NAME>
port:
number: 80
If your ingress controller is not nginx, rewrite annotation may differ. But in CKAD labs, it's very often nginx.
Fix pattern B: Ingress points to wrong Service port
If the Ingress backend says port 80 but your Service exposes 8080 (or uses a named port), align them:
* Either change Ingress backend port.number
* Or change Service spec.ports[].port / targetPort
Fix pattern C: Service selector mismatch (endpoints empty)
If pods have label app=content-marlin but service selector is app=content-marlin-deployment (or vice versa), fix the Service selector to match pod labels.
Service should have:
spec:
selector:
app: <label-that-actually-exists-on-pods>
Fix pattern D: Service targetPort wrong
If container listens on 8080 but service targetPort is 80, fix it:
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 8080
5) Apply the corrected manifests
After editing the YAMLs under /home/candidate/content-marlin/:
kubectl apply -f /home/candidate/content-marlin/
Wait for readiness:
kubectl -n content-marlin rollout status deploy content-marlin-deployment kubectl -n content-marlin get endpoints kubectl -n content-marlin describe ingress content-marlin-ingress
6) Re-test the URL
curl -i -H "Host: content-marlin.local"
http://127.0.0.1/content-marlin
If you still get errors, also check ingress controller logs/events quickly:
kubectl -n content-marlin get events --sort-by=.lastTimestamp | tail -n 30 kubectl get pods -A | egrep -i 'ingress|nginx' The fastest way for you to finish in 1 shot Run these and paste the output (I'll tell you exactly which line to change and what to change it to):
kubectl -n content-marlin describe ingress content-marlin-ingress
kubectl -n content-marlin get svc -o wide
kubectl -n content-marlin get endpoints -o wide
kubectl -n content-marlin get pods --show-labels
sed -n '1,200p' /home/candidate/content-marlin/*.yaml
But even without pasting, if you follow steps 2-4 above, you'll find the broken link (Ingress rule, Service port, selector, or rewrite) and fix it cleanly.
NEW QUESTION # 230
You are deploying a microservice application consisting of three components: 'frontend' , 'backend' , and 'database'. You want to ensure that the 'backend' service is deployed only after the 'frontend' service has successfully started and is healthy. Additionally, the 'database' service should be deployed only after the 'backend' service is ready. How would you implement this deployment strategy using Kubernetes deployments?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Define Pre-requisites for Services:
- Create a 'Deployment for each service (frontend', 'backend', and 'database').
- For the 'backend' service, define a 'pre-requisite' in the 'dependencies' section of the 'Deployment' object, specifying that the ' frontend' service needs to be healthy and running. This can be achieved using the 'dependson' field in the 'spec.template.spec_containers' section of the Deployment.
- Similarly, for the 'database service, define a Tre-requisite' specifying that the 'backend' service needs to be healthy and running.
- Example 'frontend' Deployment:
- Example 'backend' Deployment:
- Example 'database' Deployment:
2. Create the Deployments: - Apply the YAML files using 'kubectl apply -f frontend-deployment.yamr , 'kubectl apply -f backend-deployment.yamr , and 'kubectl apply -f database- deployment-yaml. 3. Monitor the Deployment Process: - use 'kubectl get pods -l app=frontend' , 'kubectl get pods -l app=backend' , and 'kubectl get pods -l app=database' to monitor the deployment of the pods. - You will observe that the 'frontend' pods will start first, followed by the 'backend' pods after the 'frontend' pods are healthy. Finally, the 'database' pods will start after the 'backend' pods are healthy. 4. Verify the Deployment Success: - Use 'kubectl describe deployments frontend-deployment', 'kubectl describe deployments backend-deployment , and 'kubectl describe deployments database-deployment' to verify the successful deployment of each service. - Confirm that the 'Ready' status of each pod is true. This strategy ensures that the services are deployed in a predictable and reliable order, ensuring the application's integrity and functionality.,
NEW QUESTION # 231 
Task
A Deployment named backend-deployment in namespace staging runs a web application on port 8081.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 232
You have a Deployment named 'wordpress-deployment' that runs 3 replicas of a Wordpress container. You need to set up resource requests and limits for CPU and memory for each pod. The application requires a minimum of 250m CPU and 512Mi memory, but it should not exceed 500m CPU and IGi memory. Furthermore, implement a resource quota for the swordpress' namespace to ensure that the total CPU requests and limits do not exceed 2 CPIJ and 4Gi memory, respectively.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Update the Deployment YAML:
- Add 'resources' to the 'containers' section, setting 'requests' and 'limits' for both CPIJ and memory.
- The 'requests' should be set to the minimum required resources, and 'limits' to the maximum allowed.
2. Create the Deployment: - Apply the updated YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f wordpress-deployment-yamr 3. Create a Resource Quota: - Create a ResourceQuota YAML file named 'wordpress-quota.yaml' with the following contents:
4. Apply the Resource Quota: - Apply the ResourceQuota YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f wordpress-quota.yamr. 5. Verify the Deployment and Quota: - Check the status of the Deployment using 'kubectl get deployments wordpress-deployment' to confirm the updated resource requests and limits. - Use ' kubectl get resourcequotas -n wordpresS to verify the applied resource quota and its remaining limits- 6. Test Resource Limits: - Try to create a new Deployment or Pod in the 'wordpress' namespace that exceeds the resource quota limits. This should result in an error, ensuring the quota is enforced.
NEW QUESTION # 233
......
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