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The AAVSB sector is an ever-evolving and rapidly growing industry that is crucial in shaping our lives today. With the growing demand for skilled AAVSB professionals, obtaining Veterinary Technician National Exam (VTNE) certification exam has become increasingly important for those who are looking to advance their careers and stay competitive in the job market. Individuals who hold Veterinary Technician National Exam (VTNE) certification exam demonstrate to their employers and clients that they have the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in the VTNE exam.
| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology | - Dosage calculations and administration - Drug classifications and uses |
| Diagnostic Imaging | - Image processing and interpretation basics - Radiography positioning and safety |
| Emergency Medicine and Critical Care | - Triage and stabilization - Shock management and CPR |
| Anesthesia | - Anesthetic protocols and equipment - Anesthetic monitoring |
| Laboratory Procedures | - Urinalysis and microbiology - Hematology and clinical pathology |
| Pain Management and Analgesia | - Pain assessment techniques - Analgesic drug use |
| Dentistry | - Dental prophylaxis procedures - Oral anatomy and disease recognition |
| Animal Care and Nursing | - Patient handling and restraint - Nutrition and husbandry |
| Surgical Nursing | - Preoperative and postoperative care - Sterile technique and instrumentation |
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NEW QUESTION # 110
All of the following define strike-through contamination when referring to a sterile surgical field, except:
Answer: A
Explanation:
Strike-through refers to any liquid or moisture of any kind that soaks through a sterile surface onto a non-sterile one, or vice versa. This could be water, blood, or other materials used during surgery (perspiration, etc.).
A non-sterile person should never reach over a sterile field. However, the act of doing so alone doesn't cause strike-through contamination unless they are actively sweating and this reaches the drape or other portion of the sterile field.
NEW QUESTION # 111
What is muscle atrophy?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Muscle atrophy is the reduction of muscle mass due to protein wasting or lack of use. The individual muscle cells become smaller but do not reduce in total number. Muscle atrophy normally occurs when an animal is injured or has a disease that makes it difficult to use their muscles. This differs from the muscle loss that occurs as a result of aging, which is called sarcopenia. Sarcopenia involves muscle fibers decreasing in both number and size. Over time, this can affect posture control and other factors. Muscle atrophy from injury can be reversible but sarcopenia remains.
Muscle atrophy occurs when muscle mass is reduced, not when muscle mass is increased, when muscles are structured abnormally, or when muscles are located in abnormal locations.
NEW QUESTION # 112
You are taking a bird's history and realize that this may be a more critical patient than the owner led you to believe. The owner tells you that the bird is falling off the perch and fluffed up standing on the floor. The owner did appreciate his tail bobbing while standing on the floor but didn't think anything of it. You hear increased respiratory sounds audible while weighing the bird and suspect the bird is actually in respiratory distress. You run the bird to the emergency team. The owner hadn't appreciated the abnormal breathing but did say that he is a relatively new bird owner and had been painting in another room the past few hours.
All of the following explain the avian respiratory tract's predisposition to issues with toxic fumes, except:
Answer: A
Explanation:
A bird's airway's spatial relationship between the blood capillaries and the air produces a highly effective and sensitive means of gas exchange with molecules of any kind in the air. The lungs in birds are small, making up only about 2% of the body's volume. They house the network of air and blood capillaries that exchange gas and are attached to the thoracic vertebrae and ribs. However, unlike mammals, birds also have air sacs. These slightly vascularized, thin-walled membranes encompass up to 80% of the respiratory volume. Nine sacs exist, four of which are paired. They connect to the primary bronchi and ventrobronchi and act as reservoirs for air. They also aid in buoyancy and thermoregulation. Air is first taken into the air sacs, and here it is both humidified and warmed. Thus, overall, birds have a large overall respiratory tract capacity.
Paired air sacs include:
*Cranial thoracic
*Caudal thoracic
*Cervical
*Abdominal air sacs
The unpaired air sac is called the interclavicular air sac. It resides within the thoracic inlet between the collar bones (clavicles).
A bird's expiration pushes air into the lungs, where the gas exchange can occur. Thus, birds do not pull air into the lungs. Rather, it is pushed into the lungs, suggesting birds, over other species, really can get a 'breath of fresh air.' Their airways are inelastic and do not deflate or inflate like mammalian lungs.
Fresh air flows in one direction, continuously in the lungs, and doesn't mix with dirty air containing any waste, leaving no residual air in the airways.
The avian air system is also very efficient at gas exchange. The high efficiency is achieved due to the design of airflow between the air itself and the blood capillaries. These air capillaries sit at right angles to the blood capillaries, so carbon dioxide is constantly removed from the blood while oxygen is added.
Because of this sensitive system, toxic fumes are also easily taken in and displace oxygen. Commonly seen toxic fumes include:
*Heated Teflon-coated pans or covers of light bulbs
*Concentrated bleach and other disinfectants
*Oil-based paints
*Varnishes
*Exhaust fumes
Symptoms of toxicity include:
*Loss of balance
*Standing fluffed up on the floor
*Respiratory rales
*Raspy breathing sounds
*Tail bobbing with obvious respiratory dyspnea
*Severe respiratory distress
*Death
Treatment requires oxygen therapy, but the prognosis is poor. Proper education to new and potential bird owners and, ultimately, prevention is key.
NEW QUESTION # 113
When diagnosing a canine patient with heartworms, what does an ELISA antigen test detect in the patient's sample?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Commercially available ELISA antigen methodology tests look for antigens to the adult female heartworm. Worm maturation time accounts for the lag between infection and a positive test. One cause of false negatives is single-sex (male only) infections.
Microfilial tests can be performed through a direct microscopic exam, or with concentration test kits.
A diagnosis of canine heartworm disease is relatively simple and requires only a positive serum test for the heartworm antigen and the identification of microfilaria. Feline heartworm disease is more complicated, however, and a diagnosis requires several positive tests. These include a positive heartworm antibody titer, basophilia and eosinophilia in the blood, enlarged pulmonary vessels, and an EKG showing a worm's presence.
NEW QUESTION # 114
Neuroleptanalgesic drug combinations are generally used for their sedation and analgesia properties. Which of the following drug classes, when combined with an opioid, would not describe neuroleptanalgesia?
Answer: C
Explanation:
An example of a dissociative drug would be ketamine. These drugs work by interrupting neural transmission, affecting one's consciousness level.
Neuroleptanalgesic drugs consist of an opioid and a sedative/tranquilizer. Possible drug classes for sedatives/tranquilizers include:
*Phenothiazines: Acepromazine
*Benzodiazepines: Diazepam, midazolam
*Alpha-2 agonists: Dexmedetomidine
NEW QUESTION # 115
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