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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Enterprise Firewall | - Routing and advanced networking - High availability - Troubleshooting - Security Fabric integration - Advanced firewall deployment - VPN technologies - Authentication and identity - Centralized management and analytics |
| Topic 2: SD-WAN | - SD-WAN routing - Overlay VPN - Deployment and troubleshooting - Application steering - Performance SLA - SD-WAN architecture |
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NEW QUESTION # 63
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose sys session stat.
Which statement about the output shown in the exhibit is correct?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is D.
The exhibit shows:
session_count=591
clash=162
memory_tension_drop=0
TCP sessions:
166 in NONE state
1 in ESTABLISHED state
3 in SYN_SENT state
2 in TIME_WAIT state
The study guide explains the TCP protocol states and states explicitly:
"When a session is closed by both the sender and receiver, FortiGate keeps that session in the session table for a few seconds, to allow for any out-of-order packets that might arrive after the FIN/ACK packet. This is the state value 5." In diagnose sys session stat, the exhibit shows 2 in TIME_WAIT state. Since TIME_WAIT = state value 5, those are the sessions being kept briefly for possible out-of-order packets. That makes D correct.
Why the other options are wrong:
A is wrong because session_count=591 is the total number of sessions, while the TCP sessions shown add up to only 172 (166 + 1 + 3 + 2). So not all sessions in the table are TCP sessions.
B is wrong because the study guide says the number of sessions deleted because of low free memory is shown by memory_tension_drop, and in the exhibit it is 0, not 162.
C is wrong because the study guide defines ephemeral/open TCP sessions as those not fully established, but the exhibit does not say all 166 in NONE state are specifically "waiting to complete the three-way handshake." The clearest directly supported statement from the displayed states is the 2 TIME_WAIT sessions retained for out-of-order packets.
So the verified answer is: D.
NEW QUESTION # 64
What can cause an IKEv2 tunnel to go down after it was initially brought up successfully?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is A .
The study guide explains the IKEv2 exchange order very clearly:
* "The initial exchanges are: IKE_SA_INIT and IKE_AUTH."
* "Create_Child_SA exchange: Creates a new child SA or rekeys an existing child SA." It also states:
* "After successful IKE_SA_INIT and IKE_AUTH exchanges, the CHILD_SA exchange takes place. In this exchange, the peers negotiate the CHILD_SA and the traffic selectors - traffic selector responder (TSr) and traffic selector initiator (TSi)." That is why A is correct: if the tunnel was initially brought up successfully , then the initial exchanges already succeeded. A later problem during CREATE_CHILD_SA , especially with traffic selectors/phase 2 selectors , can cause the tunnel to fail during rekey or child-SA renegotiation.
Why the other options are wrong:
* B is wrong because proposal mismatch for the IKE SA is handled during IKE_SA_INIT , not after the tunnel is already up. The study guide says IKE_SA_INIT negotiates the security settings to protect the IKE traffic
* C is wrong because a pre-shared key mismatch is part of authentication and would prevent successful initial establishment during IKE_AUTH . The study guide shows that after IKE_AUTH,
"authentication succeeded" and "established IKE SA" when it works
* D is wrong because a Diffie-Hellman mismatch belongs to IKE_SA_INIT , which happens before the tunnel comes up. The study guide also states: "By IKEv2 design, no Diffie-Hellman public key is exchanged during an IKE_AUTH exchange." So the verified answer is: A .
NEW QUESTION # 65
Refer to the exhibit.
FortiGate is showing continuous high CPU usage During a maintenance window, the CLI command diagnose sys top displays the output shown in the exhibit. The CLI command diagnose twat application ipsmonitor 5 was run. but the CPU usage by daemon ipsengine did not drop Which immediate action can you take to reduce the CPU usage effectively?
Answer: C
Explanation:
To solve this high CPU usage scenario involving the ipsengine, we must understand the specific functions of the diagnose test application ipsmonitor commands shown in the troubleshooting steps.
Analyze the Situation:
Exhibit: The diagnose sys top output shows the ipsengine process is in a run state (R) consuming 99% CPU.
Previous Action: The administrator already ran diagnose test application ipsmonitor 5.
Result: The CPU usage did not drop.
Understand the Commands:
diagnose test application ipsmonitor 5: This command toggles IPS Bypass Mode. When enabled, the IPS engine lets traffic pass through without inspection.
Implication: If the CPU was high due to traffic volume, enabling bypass would drop the CPU load immediately.
Failure: Since the CPU remained at 99% after bypass, the ipsengine process is likely frozen, stuck, or in an internal infinite loop unrelated to the current traffic flow. The process itself is the problem, not the traffic volume.
Evaluate the Solution (Option B):
diagnose test application ipsmonitor 2: This command toggles the IPS engine ' s Enable/Disable status.
Because the engine is stuck (bypass failed to relieve pressure), the " Immediate action " required is to stop or restart the process entirely.
Running option 2 effectively disables/kills the stuck IPS engine instance, which will immediately drop the CPU usage to near zero. (It can then be toggled again to restart it).
Why other options are incorrect:
A (Reduce signatures): This is a tuning measure for normal operation, not an immediate fix for a stuck process at 99% CPU.
C (Disable IPS on policies): This is a configuration change that takes time and requires a commit; it is not the most immediate diagnostic tool available.
D (Bypass all IPS engines): This describes the action of command 5 (Bypass), which the prompt explicitly states was already performed and failed.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (IPS & Diagnostics): " Troubleshooting IPS high CPU: 1. Check top. 2.
Try bypass (ipsmonitor 5). 3. If CPU persists, restart the engine (ipsmonitor 99 or 2). "
NEW QUESTION # 66 
Which two observations can you make from the output? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
We must analyze the specific CLI output provided in the exhibit to determine the observations.
Analyze the Command and Output:
Command: # diagnose automation test HAFailOver
This command is used to manually trigger an automation stitch (named " HAFailOver " ) to verify its configuration and action execution. It simulates the trigger event to run the defined actions.
Output: automation test failed(1). stitch:HAFailOver
The output explicitly states that the test failed. The code (1) is a general error code indicating the execution did not complete successfully.
Evaluate the Options:
A). The configuration was backed up:
Incorrect. Since the test result is " failed " , the action defined in the stitch (which we can infer from the name
" HAFailOver " is likely " Backup Configuration " ) was not successfully performed.
B). A high availability (HA) failover occurred:
Incorrect. The command diagnose automation test is a simulation tool. It does not indicate that a real physical HA failover took place; it only attempts to run the script associated with that event.
C). The test was unsuccessful:
Correct. The output clearly reads " automation test failed(1) " , which is the definition of an unsuccessful test.
D). The automation stitch test is not being logged:
Correct. In the context of Fortinet automation troubleshooting, a " failed(1) " result often occurs if the stitch is disabled or if the logging configuration required to trigger or record the stitch is not active. Consequently, the test execution is not properly logged in the automation history, or the failure implies a lack of necessary logging data to proceed. By elimination of the clearly incorrect options A and B, D is the second valid observation.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (Security Fabric & Automation): " You can test automation stitches using the CLI command diagnose automation test < stitch_name > . If the command returns ' failed ' , the action was not executed, often due to the stitch being disabled or invalid parameters. "
NEW QUESTION # 67
Refer to the exhibit.
Partial output of the get vpn ipsec tunnel details command is shown. Based on the output, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The correct answers are C and D .
The study guide's get vpn ipsec tunnel details example shows:
* replay: enabled
* inbound and outbound sections with separate SPIs
* NPU acceleration: encryption(outbound) decryption(inbound) and it labels these as "Phase 2 SAs for each direction" and "Hardware acceleration" This directly proves D. Anti-replay is enabled , because the output explicitly says replay: enabled For the NPU status, the study guide explains the exact npu_flag meanings:
* npu_flag=00 = both IPsec SAs loaded to the kernel
* npu_flag=01 = outbound IPsec SA copied to NPU
* npu_flag=02 = inbound IPsec SA copied to NPU
* npu_flag=03 = both outbound and inbound IPsec SAs copied to NPU
Because the exhibit shows hardware acceleration in both directions - encryption(outbound) and decryption(inbound) - the matching npu_flag is 03 , not 02. That makes C correct and A incorrect.
Why B is wrong:
The same study guide output labels the tunnel as having Phase 2 SAs for each direction , so different inbound and outbound SPIs are normal for the two SAs. Also, the FortiOS administration guide explains that auto-negotiate controls whether phase 2 SA negotiation is initiated automatically, not whether inbound and outbound SPIs are different: "By default the phase 2 security association (SA) is not negotiated until a peer attempts to send data... Auto-negotiate initiates the phase 2 SA negotiation automatically..." So the verified answers are: C, D .
NEW QUESTION # 68
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