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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|
| Topic 1: Understand key approaches in the negotiation of commercial agreements with external organisations | 35% | - Power dynamics in negotiation
- 1. Impact of power balance on outcomes
- 2. Relationship types and their effect on negotiation
- 3. Sources of power and influence
- Application of commercial negotiations in procurement and supply
- 1. Definitions and purpose of commercial negotiation
- 2. Team and stakeholder management in negotiation
- 3. Position within the CIPS procurement cycle
- 4. Sources and management of conflict
- Types of negotiation approaches
- 1. Collaborative / integrative (win-win)
- 2. BATNA, target setting and reservation price
- 3. Distributive / competitive (win-lose)
- 4. Pragmatic and principled negotiation styles
|
| Topic 2: Understand how commercial negotiations should be undertaken | 30% | - Communication skills
- 1. Non-verbal communication and emotional intelligence
- 2. Active listening and questioning
- Stages of negotiation
- 1. Opening, exploring, bargaining, closing and implementing
- Tactics and influencing methods
- 1. Managing concessions and deadlocks
- 2. Cultural and ethical considerations
- 3. Persuasion and influencing techniques
- Review and improvement
- 1. Documenting agreements and lessons learned
- 2. Evaluating results and performance
|
| Topic 3: Know how to prepare for negotiations with external organisations | 35% | - Economic and market factors
- 1. Supply and demand conditions
- 2. Market structure and competition
- 3. Inflation, exchange rates and risk factors
- Negotiation criteria and objectives
- 1. Prioritising issues and trade-offs
- 2. Defining measurable outcomes
- Cost and price analysis
- 1. Types of costs and pricing structures
- 2. Cost modelling and price analysis techniques
- Planning and resources
- 1. Team roles and preparation plans
- 2. Information gathering and market intelligence
|
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CIPS Commercial Negotiation Sample Questions (Q199-Q204):
NEW QUESTION # 199
Which of the following are most likely to be macro factorsthat may influence the balance of power in commercial negotiation? Select THREE that apply.
- A. Disruptive technologies
- B. Number of substitute products or services
- C. Purchasing spend volume
- D. Economic growth rates
- E. Sustainability of natural resources
- F. Intensity of competition in a industry
Answer: A,D,E
Explanation:
Explanation
All one-to-one commercial negotiations between a specific purchaser and a specific supplier take place within an industrial market and a larger business environment characterised by multiple forces which both parties typically have little control over. STEEPLE framework highlights the 6 main external influences on a business:
Table Description automatically generated

LO 1, AC 1.3
NEW QUESTION # 200
Lina Rawlins is a senior buyer working for a medical equipment company. Lina is in charge of the company's largest supplier account, Great Barrington Gas (GBG), a medical equipment supplier. Recently, GBG's performance has declined, leading to an increasing number of rejected items. Lina is aware of the seriousness of this and has asked GBG to attend an urgent meeting. In the meeting, Lina asked the GBG representative,
"Can you tell me exactly what you are doing to ensure quality?" What type of question is Lina asking?
- A. Hypothetical
- B. Leading
- C. Reflective
- D. Probing
Answer: D
Explanation:
Lina is asking a probing question to gather more detailed information on the actions GBG is taking to address quality issues. Probing questions are intended to delve deeper into a topic and elicit specific details, making them suitable for understanding underlying issues, as per CIPS's negotiation question types.
NEW QUESTION # 201
Colin Smith is preparing to negotiate for a chemical used in fertiliser. His organisation's objective is ethical and sustainable procurement. Using the Must-Intend-Like (MIL) framework, how should Colin categorise this objective?
- A. Likely to have
- B. Must have
- C. Intend to have
- D. Like to have
Answer: B
Explanation:
In MIL planning, "Musts" are non-negotiable requirements (policy, law, mandatory standards). Ethical
/sustainable procurement is typically a policy/legislative compliance requirement, so it belongs in Must;
"Intend/Like" cover important and desirable aims respectively.
Reference: CIPS L4M5 (2nd ed.), LO 2.2 - Negotiation planning tools (MIL), objectives hierarchy, compliance vs value adds.
NEW QUESTION # 202
Which of the following method should be used in negotiation if both parties want to communicate verbally and non-verbally without having to meet face-to-face?
- A. Telephone
- B. In-person meeting
- C. Teleconferencing
- D. Web conferencing
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Using webcams in a web conference means you are able to communicate both verbally and non verbally.
Over the phone, you cannot see TOP, the only cue/signal you have regarding their mood, interest and attitude is person's voice, intonation andany delay.
A teleconference is a telephone meeting among two or more participants involving technology more sophisticated than a simple two-way phone connection.
In-person meeting requires you team and TOP to be in the same place at the same time.
LO 2, AC 2.4
NEW QUESTION # 203
Which negotiation approach is focused on a win-win outcome?
- A. Adversarial
- B. Collaborative
- C. Distributive
- D. Collective
Answer: B
Explanation:
A collaborative negotiation approach is explicitly designed to achieve win-win outcomes, where both parties work together to maximise joint value. This approach is closely associated with integrative negotiation, emphasising trust, information sharing, and joint problem-solving. Distributive and adversarial approaches are win-lose, focusing on dividing value rather than creating it. "Collective" is not a recognised CIPS negotiation approach. Collaborative negotiation is particularly suitable where long-term relationships, shared objectives, or strategic partnerships are important.
Reference: CIPS L4M5 Commercial Negotiation (CORE), 2nd edition - LO 1.1: Integrative and collaborative negotiation approaches.
NEW QUESTION # 204
......
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