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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| System Hacking | 8% | - Maintaining Access - Clearing Tracks & Logs - Privilege Escalation - Gaining Access: Password Attacks |
| Sniffing | 5% | - Packet Sniffing Concepts - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - MITM Attacks - Sniffing Countermeasures |
| Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Ethical Hacking Methodology - Information Security Concepts - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK - Legal and Ethical Compliance |
| Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - Reconnaissance Concepts - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - OSINT Techniques |
| Session Hijacking | 4% | - Session Hijacking Concepts - Application & Network Level Hijacking - Countermeasures - Hijacking Techniques |
| Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Scanning & Analysis Tools - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle - Vulnerability Research & Databases |
| Cryptography | 5% | - Cryptography in Practice - Public Key Infrastructure - Cryptanalysis & Attacks - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms |
| IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Security Controls - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks |
| Wireless Networks | 5% | - Wireless Threats & Attacks - Wireless Hacking Tools - Security Best Practices - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 |
| Social Engineering | 6% | - Identity Theft - Social Engineering Concepts - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting - Countermeasures & Awareness |
| Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Mobile Device Security - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities - Mobile Attack Vectors |
| Malware Threats | 7% | - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - APT & Fileless Malware - AI-Powered Malware |
| Cloud Computing | 5% | - Cloud Security Risks - Cloud Models & Services - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Security Best Practices |
| Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies - Honeypot Concepts & Detection - Evasion Techniques |
| Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - Web Server Vulnerabilities - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - Web Security Countermeasures - API Security Risks - SQL Injection & Command Injection |
| Enumeration | 7% | - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - AI-Driven Enumeration - Enumeration Countermeasures - Enumeration Concepts - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration |
| Denial-of-Service | 4% | - Defense Mechanisms - Attack Techniques & Botnets - DDoS Tools - DoS & DDoS Concepts |
| Scanning Networks | 8% | - Scanning Countermeasures - Service & OS Fingerprinting - AI-Assisted Scanning - Network Scanning Basics - Host & Port Discovery - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall |
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NEW QUESTION # 65
An IT company has just implemented new security controls to their network and system setup. As a Certified Ethical Hacker, your responsibility is to assess the possible vulnerabilities in the new setup. You are given the information that the network and system are adequately patched with the latest updates, and all employees have gone through recent cybersecurity awareness training. Considering the potential vulnerability sources, what is the best initial approach to vulnerability assessment?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A vulnerability assessment is a systematic review of security weaknesses in an information system. It evaluates if the system is susceptible to any known vulnerabilities, assigns severity levels to those vulnerabilities, and recommends remediation or mitigation, if and whenever needed1. A vulnerability assessment can be performed using various tools and techniques, depending on the scope and objectives of the assessment.
Considering the potential vulnerability sources, the best initial approach to vulnerability assessment is to check for hardware and software misconfigurations to identify any possible loopholes. Hardware and software misconfigurations are common sources of vulnerabilities that can expose the system to unauthorized access, data breaches, or service disruptions. Hardware and software misconfigurations can include:
* Insecure default settings, such as weak passwords, open ports, unnecessary services, or verbose error messages.
* Improper access control policies, such as granting excessive privileges, allowing anonymous access, or failing to revoke access for terminated users.
* Lack of encryption or authentication mechanisms, such as using plain text protocols, storing sensitive data in clear text, or transmitting data without verifying the identity of the sender or receiver.
* Outdated or incompatible software versions, such as using unsupported or deprecated software, failing to apply security patches, or having software conflicts or dependencies.
Checking for hardware and software misconfigurations can help identify any possible loopholes that could be exploited by attackers to compromise the system or the data. Checking for hardware and software misconfigurations can be done using various tools, such as:
* Configuration management tools, such as Ansible, Puppet, or Chef, that can automate the deployment and maintenance of consistent and secure configurations across the system.
* Configuration auditing tools, such as Nipper, Lynis, or OpenSCAP, that can scan the system for deviations from the desired or expected configurations and report any issues or vulnerabilities.
* Configuration testing tools, such as Inspec, Serverspec, or Testinfra, that can verify the system's compliance with the specified configuration rules and standards.
Therefore, checking for hardware and software misconfigurations is the best initial approach to vulnerability assessment, as it can help identify and eliminate any possible loopholes that could pose a security risk to the system or the data.
References:
* Vulnerability Assessment Principles | Tenable
* Configuration Management Tools: A Complete Guide - Guru99
* Top 10 Configuration Auditing Tools - Infosec Resources
* [Configuration Testing Tools: A Complete Guide - Guru99]
NEW QUESTION # 66
Clark is a professional hacker. He created and configured multiple domains pointing to the same host to switch quickly between the domains and avoid detection.
Identify the behavior of the adversary In the above scenario.
Answer: D
Explanation:
A proxy server acts as a gateway between you and therefore the internet. It's an intermediary server separating end users from the websites they browse. Proxy servers provide varying levels of functionality, security, and privacy counting on your use case, needs, or company policy.
If you're employing a proxy server, internet traffic flows through the proxy server on its thanks to the address you requested. A proxy server is essentially a computer on the web with its own IP address that your computer knows. once you send an internet request, your request goes to the proxy server first. The proxy server then makes your web request on your behalf, collects the response from the online server, and forwards you the online page data so you'll see the page in your browser.
NEW QUESTION # 67
An attacker places a malicious VM on the same physical server as a target VM in a multi-tenant cloud environment. The attacker then extracts cryptographic keys using CPU timing analysis. What type of attack was conducted?
Answer: A
Explanation:
CEH cloud modules explain that side-channel attacks exploit indirect information leakage based on hardware characteristics-such as CPU timing, power usage, cache access patterns, or electromagnetic emissions. In virtualized cloud environments, multiple tenants share the same physical hardware, creating opportunities for attackers to extract sensitive data from neighboring virtual machines. By placing a malicious VM on the same host as the victim, an attacker can measure minute differences in timing during cryptographic operations, allowing them to infer private keys or sensitive computations. This aligns precisely with CEH's definition of a side-channel attack. Cryptojacking involves unauthorized cryptocurrency mining, CPDoS targets caching layers rather than key extraction, and metadata spoofing manipulates cloud metadata endpoints. Only side- channel analysis matches the described attack behavior.
NEW QUESTION # 68
Why is a penetration test considered to be more thorough than a vulnerability scan?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A vulnerability scan identifies known vulnerabilities by comparing system configurations and software versions against a database. It is mostly passive and does not confirm if vulnerabilities are exploitable.
Penetration testing, however, involves simulating real-world attacks. It attempts to actively exploit vulnerabilities, escalate privileges, and access sensitive data, offering a more realistic view of risk.
Reference - CEH v13 Official Study Guide:
Module 1: Introduction to Ethical Hacking
Quote:
"A penetration test goes beyond vulnerability identification by actively exploiting weaknesses to assess the actual risk and potential impact to the organization." Incorrect Options:
A). Scans do more than port scanning.
C). Penetration testing is often manual and detailed.
D). The difference is methodology, not just database size.
NEW QUESTION # 69
During a forensic log review at a satellite communications provider in Denver, Colorado, cybersecurity analyst Kevin Morales identified subtle timestamp irregularities in archived telemetry records. Although the discrepancies were minor, regulatory reporting standards required confirmation that the system clock was synchronizing correctly with its configured time sources.
Kevin needed to interact directly with the host's running time service to review its current associations and operational state. He was not attempting to reset the clock or trace the hierarchy of upstream time authorities, but rather to query the active service for detailed status information from the target machine.
Identify the command Kevin should execute to obtain this information.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. ntpq -p [host].
The scenario requires querying the active NTP service to review its current associations and operational state.
The ntpq utility is designed to query and monitor the NTP daemon. CEH-aligned NTP enumeration material states that ntpq is a command-line utility used to query the NTP server, monitor ntpd operations, and determine performance. It also states that the -p option prints a list of peers known to the server and summarizes their state .
Option A. ntptrace is incorrect because ntptrace follows the chain of NTP servers back to the primary time source. The scenario specifically says Kevin is not tracing the upstream hierarchy.
Option B. ntpq [-inp] [-c command] [host] [...] is a general syntax form for ntpq, but the most precise command for viewing peer associations and state is ntpq -p [host].
Option C. ntpdc is incorrect because although ntpdc can query ntpd, it is more associated with querying daemon state and requesting state changes. The question asks for the command to review current associations and operational status, which is most directly matched by ntpq -p.
Option D. ntpq -p [host] is correct because it directly queries the NTP service and prints peer association
/status information.
Therefore, the best answer is D. ntpq -p [host].
NEW QUESTION # 70
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