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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: High Availability | 5-8% | - NSR and GRES concepts - Nonstop active routing - Graceful restart |
| Topic 2: Protocol-Independent Routing | 10-15% | - Martian addresses - Load balancing - Routing instances and RIB groups - Filter-based forwarding - Static, aggregate, and generated routes |
| Topic 3: IPv6 | 8-12% | - Static and dynamic routing - OSPFv3 and BGP for IPv6 - Address types and format - Autoconfiguration |
| Topic 4: Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) | 12-18% | - Labels and LIB - Terminology and forwarding - Configuration and monitoring - Segment routing basics - LDP and RSVP |
| Topic 5: Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) | 10-15% | - PDUs and TLVs - Metrics and wide metrics - Adjacencies and levels - Configuration and monitoring |
| Topic 6: Tunnels | 5-8% | - GRE and IP-IP tunnels - Tunnel configuration and usage |
| Topic 7: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) | 20-25% | - Configuration and troubleshooting - Path selection and attributes - Policy and route filtering - Basic operation and message types - IBGP and EBGP |
| Topic 8: Layer 2 Bridging and VLANs | 8-12% | - VLANs and trunking - Bridging concepts - Service provider switching features |
| Topic 9: Spanning Tree Protocols | 8-12% | - Port roles and states - STP, RSTP, MSTP, VSTP - Configuration and convergence - BPDU and protection features |
| Topic 10: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) | 15-20% | - LSA types and operation - Configuration and troubleshooting - Link-state database - Areas and router types |
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NEW QUESTION # 75
A BGP router receives two routes to the same prefix. One route has a higher local preference, while the other has a shorter AS path.
In this scenario, which route would be selected?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Local preference is evaluated before the AS path length in the BGP best-path selection process.
A route with a higher local preference is therefore preferred even if another route has a shorter AS path.
NEW QUESTION # 76
Which two statements are correct about TLVs in IS-IS? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
In the IS-IS protocol,TLVs (Type, Length, Value)are the fundamental building blocks used to carry information withinLink-State PDUs (LSPs). Unlike some other protocols that have a fixed, rigid packet format, IS-IS was designed from the ground up to be modular and extensible. This extensibility is achieved through the use of TLVs, which allow the protocol to carry different types of data without requiring changes to the core protocol state machine.
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation,TLVs allow flexible encoding of routing information (Option C). Each TLV specifies the "Type" of information it carries (such as neighbor information or IP reachability), the "Length" of that information, and the "Value" (the actual data). This architecture is what allowed IS-IS to easily support IPv6 by simply adding new TLVs (like TLV 236 for IPv6 reachability) without redesigning the protocol. It also supports Traffic Engineering (TE) extensions used in MPLS environments by adding TLVs that describe link bandwidth and administrative groups.
Furthermore, a singleLSP can contain multiple TLVs (Option D). When a Juniper router generates an LSP, it packs all the necessary information-such as the router's area addresses, its neighbors, and its local interface prefixes-into various TLVs and places them into a single PDU. If the amount of information exceeds the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of the interface, the router will generate additional LSPs (fragmented LSPs) to carry the remaining TLVs.
Options A and B are incorrect because restricting an LSP to a single TLV would make the protocol incredibly inefficient, and the very nature of IS-IS is its ability to support multiple network layer protocols (not just IPv4) through its agnostic TLV-based transport.
NEW QUESTION # 77
A service provider is onboarding a new enterprise customer that operates multiple branch offices, each with its own set of VLANs. The customer requires transparent Layer 2 connectivity between sites while maintaining separation of internal VLANs. The provider must also ensure that customer VLAN identifiers do not conflict with other customers on the shared infrastructure. Which solution would provide the desired results?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In a service provider environment,Q-in-Q tunneling(also known as 802.1ad or double-tagging) is the standard solution for transporting multiple customer VLANs over a shared provider backbone while maintaining total separation.
According to Juniper Networks documentation, Q-in-Q works by adding a second 802.1Q tag (theService Provider tagor S-tag) to the customer's already tagged frames (theCustomer tagor C-tag). This creates a
"tunnel" at Layer 2. This solution specifically addresses all the customer's requirements:
* Transparent Layer 2 Connectivity:Because the provider simply encapsulates the customer's frames, the customer's internal BPDU traffic (like Spanning Tree) and VLAN tags are preserved and delivered transparently to the remote site.
* Separation of Internal VLANs:The customer can run their own internal VLAN IDs (1-4094) without the provider needing to know or manage them.
* Conflict Avoidance:Different customers on the same provider infrastructure are assigned unique S- tags. Even if two different customers both use "VLAN 10" internally, they remain isolated because their traffic is encapsulated in different provider S-tags.
Why other options are incorrect:
* Layer 3 VPN (Option B):While MPLS L3VPNs are common, they provide Layer 3 (IP) connectivity, not the "transparent Layer 2" connectivity requested.
* GRE Tunnels (Option C):GRE is a Layer 3 encapsulation and does not natively provide the transparent VLAN bridging required for a multi-site Layer 2 service.
* NAT/Firewall (Option D):These are security and address-translation services for internet access and do not facilitate site-to-site Layer 2 bridging.
NEW QUESTION # 78
Which two events cause a static route to be removed from a routing table? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
In Junos OS, astatic routeis a manually configured entry in the routing table. Unlike dynamic routes, which have built-in timers and aging mechanisms, static routes are generally "permanent" as long as their conditions for validity are met.
1. Manual Removal (Option A):
Since static routes are explicitly defined by the administrator, the most direct way to remove one is through a configuration change. Using the delete routing-options static route <prefix> command followed by a commit will immediately remove the route from the Routing Information Base (RIB).
2. Next-Hop Reachability (Option B):
For a static route to be "active" and installed in the forwarding table, itsnext-hop must be reachable. If a static route points to a specific physical interface or an IP address on a local segment, and thatoutbound interface becomes unavailable(e.g., the link goes "Down"), the Junos kernel detects that the next-hop is no longer viable. Consequently, the route is marked as "hidden" or "inactive" and is removed from the active forwarding table to prevent traffic from being black-holed.
Why other options are incorrect:
* Aging (Option C):Static routes do not have an expiration timer based on traffic. Even if no packet is sent for years, the route remains as long as the interface is up.
* Remote Reachability (Option D):Standard static routes only track the status of the local interface or the immediate next-hop. They do not possess "end-to-end" visibility. If a host two hops away fails, the local router has no way of knowing this via the static route itself. To achieve this level of tracking, features likeRPM (Real-time Performance Monitoring)orBFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection)must be linked to the static route.
NEW QUESTION # 79
Which two events cause a static route to be removed from a routing table? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
If the outbound interface associated with a static route becomes unavailable, the router removes the route from the routing table because the next-hop path is no longer reachable.
A static route is also removed when it is manually deleted from the configuration, after which the router withdraws it from the routing table.
NEW QUESTION # 80
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