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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Monitoring and Logging | 12% | - Design and implement monitoring and observability strategies
|
| Topic 2: High Availability and Disaster Recovery | 16% | - Implement data backup and restore strategies
|
| Topic 3: SDLC Automation | 22% | - Design and implement source code management strategies
|
| Topic 4: Configuration Management and Infrastructure as Code | 22% | - Implement compliance and configuration monitoring
|
| Topic 5: Incident and Event Response | 18% | - Design and implement event and incident management
|
| Topic 6: Policies and Standards Automation | 10% | - Design and implement governance strategies
|
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NEW QUESTION # 208
A DevOps engineer is building an application that uses an AWS Lambda function to query an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. The Lambda function performs only read queries. Amazon EventBridge events invoke the Lambda function.
As more events invoke the Lambda function each second, the database's latency increases and the database's throughput decreases. The DevOps engineer needs to improve the performance of the application.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)
Answer: C,D,E
Explanation:
Verified answer: A, C, and E.
Short Explanation: To improve the performance of the application, the DevOps engineer should use Amazon RDS Proxy, implement the database connection opening outside the Lambda event handler code, and connect to the proxy endpoint from the Lambda function.
Amazon RDS Proxy is a fully managed, highly available database proxy for Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) that makes applications more scalable, more resilient to database failures, and more secure1.
By using Amazon RDS Proxy, the DevOps engineer can reduce the overhead of opening and closing connections to the database, which can improve latency and throughput2.
The DevOps engineer should connect the proxy to the Aurora cluster reader endpoint, which allows read-only connections to one of the Aurora Replicas in the DB cluster3. This can help balance the load across multiple read replicas and improve performance for read-intensive workloads4.
The DevOps engineer should implement the database connection opening outside the Lambda event handler code, which means using a global variable to store the database connection object5. This can enable connection reuse across multiple invocations of the Lambda function, which can reduce latency and improve performance.
The DevOps engineer should connect to the proxy endpoint from the Lambda function, which is a unique URL that represents the proxy. This can allow the Lambda function to access the database through the proxy, which can provide benefits such as connection pooling, load balancing, failover handling, and enhanced security.
The other options are incorrect because:
Implementing database connection pooling inside the Lambda code is unnecessary and redundant when using Amazon RDS Proxy, which already provides connection pooling as a service.
Implementing the database connection opening and closing inside the Lambda event handler code is inefficient and costly, as it can increase latency and consume more resources for each invocation of the Lambda function.
Connecting to the Aurora cluster endpoint from the Lambda function is not optimal for read-only queries, as it can direct traffic to either the primary instance or one of the Aurora Replicas in the DB cluster. This can result in inconsistent performance and potential conflicts with write operations on the primary instance.
NEW QUESTION # 209
A company uses AWS Secrets Manager to store a set of sensitive API keys that an AWS Lambda function uses. When the Lambda function is invoked, the Lambda function retrieves the API keys and makes an API call to an external service. The Secrets Manager secret is encrypted with the default AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key.
A DevOps engineer needs to update the infrastructure to ensure that only the Lambda function's execution role can access the values in Secrets Manager. The solution must apply the principle of least privilege.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
The requirement is to update the infrastructure to ensure that only the Lambda function's execution role can access the values in Secrets Manager. The solution must apply the principle of least privilege, which means granting the minimum permissions necessary to perform a task.
To do this, the DevOps engineer needs to use the following steps:
Create a KMS customer managed key that trusts Secrets Manager and allows the Lambda function's execution role to decrypt. A customer managed key is a symmetric encryption key that is fully managed by the customer. The customer can define the key policy, which specifies who can use and manage the key. By creating a customer managed key, the DevOps engineer can restrict the decryption permission to only the Lambda function's execution role, and prevent other principals from accessing the secret values. The customer managed key also needs to trust Secrets Manager, which means allowing Secrets Manager to use the key to encrypt and decrypt secrets on behalf of the customer.
Update Secrets Manager to use the new customer managed key. Secrets Manager allows customers to choose which KMS key to use for encrypting each secret. By default, Secrets Manager uses the default KMS key for Secrets Manager, which is a service-managed key that is shared by all customers in the same AWS Region.
By updating Secrets Manager to use the new customer managed key, the DevOps engineer can ensure that only the Lambda function's execution role can decrypt the secret values using that key.
Ensure that the Lambda function's execution role has the KMS permissions scoped on the resource level. The Lambda function's execution role is an IAM role that grants permissions to the Lambda function to access AWS services and resources. The role needs to have KMS permissions to use the customer managed key for decryption. However, to apply the principle of least privilege, the role should have the permissions scoped on the resource level, which means specifying the ARN of the customer managed key as a condition in the IAM policy statement. This way, the role can only use that specific key and not any other KMS keys in the account.
NEW QUESTION # 210
A company that runs many workloads on AWS has an Amazon EBS spend that has increased over time. The DevOps team notices there are many unattached EBS volumes. Although there are workloads where volumes are detached, volumes over 14 days old are stale and no longer needed. A DevOps engineer has been tasked with creating automation that deletes unattached EBS volumes that have been unattached for 14 days.
Which solution will accomplish this?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The requirement is to create automation that deletes unattached EBS volumes that have been unattached for 14 days. To do this, the DevOps engineer needs to use the following steps:
Create an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to execute an AWS Lambda function daily. CloudWatch Events is a service that enables event-driven architectures by delivering events from various sources to targets. Lambda is a service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers. By creating a CloudWatch Events rule that executes a Lambda function daily, the DevOps engineer can schedule a recurring task to check and delete unattached EBS volumes.
The Lambda function should find unattached EBS volumes and tag them with the current date, and delete unattached volumes that have tags with dates that are more than 14 days old. The Lambda function can use the EC2 API to list and filter unattached EBS volumes based on their state and tags. The function can then tag each unattached volume with the current date using the create-tags command. The function can also compare the tag value with the current date and delete any unattached volume that has been tagged more than 14 days ago using the delete-volume command.
NEW QUESTION # 211
A company uses AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. A DevOps engineer must ensure that all users who access the AWS Management Console are authenticated through the company's corporate identity provider (IdP).
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
* Step 1: Using AWS IAM Identity Center for SAML-based Identity Federation To ensure that all users accessing the AWS Management Console are authenticated via the corporate identity provider (IdP), the best approach is to set up identity federation with AWS IAM Identity Center (formerly AWS SSO) using SAML 2.0.
Action: Use AWS IAM Identity Center to configure identity federation with the corporate IdP that supports SAML 2.0.
Why: SAML 2.0 integration enables single sign-on (SSO) for users, allowing them to authenticate through the corporate IdP and gain access to AWS resources.
Reference:
This corresponds to Option B: Use AWS IAM Identity Center to configure identity federation with SAML 2.0.
* Step 2: Creating an SCP to Deny Password Logins for IAM UsersTo enforce that IAM users do not create passwords or access the Management Console directly without going through the corporate IdP, you can create a Service Control Policy (SCP) in AWS Organizations that denies password creation for IAM users.
Action: Create an SCP that denies password creation for IAM users.
Why: This ensures that users cannot set passwords for their IAM user accounts, forcing them to use federated access through the corporate IdP for console login.
This corresponds to Option E: Create an SCP in Organizations to deny password creation for IAM users.
NEW QUESTION # 212
An ecommerce company is receiving reports that its order history page is experiencing delays in reflecting the processing status of orders. The order processing system consists of an AWS Lambda function that uses reserved concurrency. The Lambda function processes order messages from an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue and inserts processed orders into an Amazon DynamoDB table. The DynamoDB table has auto scaling enabled for read and write capacity.
Which actions should a DevOps engineer take to resolve this delay? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Explanation
A: If the ApproximateAgeOfOldestMessages indicate that orders are remaining in the SQS queue for longer than expected, the reserved concurrency limit may be set too small to keep up with the number of orders entering the queue and is being throttled. D: The DynamoDB table is using Auto Scaling. With Auto Scaling, you create a scaling policy that specifies whether you want to scale read capacity or write capacity (or both), and the minimum and maximum provisioned capacity unit settings for the table. The ThottledWriteRequests metric will indicate if there is a throttling issue on the DynamoDB table, which can be resolved by increasing the maximum write capacity units for the table's Auto Scaling policy.
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/AutoScaling.html
NEW QUESTION # 213
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