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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Safety and Compliance | 26% | - Infection control & OSHA standards - Quality control & error prevention - Bloodborne pathogens & exposure control - PPE & sharps disposal - HIPAA & patient confidentiality |
| Special Collections | 12% | - Therapeutic drug monitoring - Blood alcohol & legal collections - Blood cultures & sterile collection - Glucose tolerance & dynamic tests - Pediatric & geriatric collections |
| Specimen Processing & Handling | 14% | - Processing & centrifugation - Documentation & tracking - Aliquoting & preservation - Transport & storage requirements - Specimen rejection criteria |
| Routine Blood Collections | 28% | - Post-collection care & labeling - Venipuncture techniques & equipment - Tourniquet use & vein assessment - Order of draw & tube selection - Capillary puncture procedures |
| Patient Preparation | 20% | - Site selection & preparation - Patient positioning & comfort - Patient identification & verification - Requisition review & test verification - Informed consent & communication |
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질문 # 108
At which of the following angles should a phlebotomist insert an antecubital venipuncture needle?
정답：B
질문 # 109
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take when transporting specimens to an outside laboratory?
정답：C
설명：
The phlebotomist should use appropriate leakproof transport packaging when specimens are transported to an outside laboratory. Specimen transport must protect the patient sample, courier, laboratory personnel, and documentation from leakage, breakage, contamination, and temperature-related instability. Requisitions should be kept separate from the specimen container, usually in an outer pouch, so paperwork is not contaminated if leakage occurs. Removing labels is never acceptable because identification must remain intact from collection through testing. Freezing all specimens is incorrect because temperature requirements are test-specific; freezing some specimens can destroy cells, alter analytes, or make the sample unsuitable. Proper transport includes correct labeling, biohazard identification, absorbent material when required, secure closure, upright positioning when appropriate, and compliance with time, light, and temperature requirements. The phlebotomist must know the difference between routine transport, chilled transport, frozen transport, and protected-from-light transport. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; specimen transport; leakproof packaging; biohazard handling; specimen integrity.
질문 # 110
Which of the following tube colors is commonly used for coagulation testing?
정답：D
설명：
Light-blue tubes are commonly used for coagulation testing because they contain sodium citrate. Citrate binds calcium reversibly, preventing clotting while preserving the specimen for coagulation analysis such as PT, INR, and aPTT. The tube must be filled to the required level because coagulation testing depends on a precise blood-to-anticoagulant ratio. Underfilling a light-blue tube can falsely prolong clotting results and cause specimen rejection. Lavender tubes contain EDTA and are commonly used for hematology tests such as CBC. Gray tubes often contain sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate and are used for glucose or lactate testing depending on facility protocol. Red tubes are generally serum tubes without anticoagulant or with clot activator depending on manufacturer. The phlebotomist must collect light-blue tubes in the correct order of draw and inspect for proper fill. This is a high-yield NHA-style concept because it combines tube color, additive, test department, and specimen acceptability. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; coagulation tubes; sodium citrate; fill volume; order of draw.
질문 # 111
A phlebotomist should identify which of the following as the best site for phenylketonuria collection on an infant?
정답：C
설명：
The best site for phenylketonuria, or PKU, collection on an infant is the medial or lateral plantar surface of the heel. PKU screening is a newborn metabolic screening test commonly collected by heel stick onto filter paper. The medial and lateral heel areas are selected because they provide adequate capillary blood flow while reducing the risk of puncturing bone. The central area of the heel is unsafe because the calcaneus may be closer to the puncture site, increasing the risk of bone injury or osteomyelitis. Fingertip puncture is inappropriate for infants because the tissue is small, bone is close to the surface, and the site does not provide the recommended specimen collection area for newborn screening. Proper PKU collection also requires warming the heel when indicated, allowing blood to flow freely, filling filter-paper circles completely from one side, avoiding layering, and allowing the specimen to dry properly before transport. NHA CPT special collection content includes collecting blood for metabolic syndromes such as PKU, filter-paper collection techniques, pediatric considerations, and minimum/maximum volume requirements. Reference topics: Special Collections; PKU collection; infant heel puncture; filter-paper specimen collection.
질문 # 112
Which of the following should a sharps container have?
정답：D
설명：
A sharps container should have a leakproof lid or leak-resistant closure to prevent contaminated blood or fluid from escaping during handling, storage, or transport. Sharps containers must also be puncture-resistant, closable, upright and stable during use, and properly labeled or color-coded as biohazardous. A "room temperature" label is used for certain specimen storage or transport conditions, not for sharps disposal. A 1-gallon capacity is not a universal requirement; sharps containers come in multiple approved sizes depending on the setting and volume of use. Dual openings are not required and could increase risk if poorly designed. The essential safety standard is containment: the device must prevent puncture injury and leakage while allowing safe disposal at the point of use. The phlebotomist must never overfill a sharps container, reach into it, shake it, force items into it, or dispose of sharps in regular trash or soft biohazard bags. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; sharps container requirements; biohazard disposal; OSHA bloodborne pathogen safety; needlestick prevention.
질문 # 113
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