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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Professional Practice | - Ethics and patient confidentiality (HIPAA) - Communication and professionalism |
| Topic 2: Patient Preparation | - Explaining procedures and obtaining consent - Patient identification and communication - Site selection and preparation |
| Topic 3: Specimen Processing and Handling | - Labeling and documentation - Quality control and rejection criteria - Specimen transport and storage |
| Topic 4: Specimen Collection | - Venipuncture techniques - Capillary puncture procedures - Order of draw and tube handling |
| Topic 5: Safety and Compliance | - Infection control and PPE usage - Needlestick prevention and biohazard disposal - OSHA standards and safety protocols |
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NEW QUESTION # 37
Which of the following angles should a phlebotomist use when inserting a butterfly needle into a patient's dorsal hand veins?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A butterfly needle inserted into dorsal hand veins should be introduced at a shallow angle, and from the options provided, 10° is the best answer. Hand veins are usually superficial, smaller, and more mobile than antecubital veins, so a steep angle increases the risk of passing through the vein, causing infiltration, hematoma formation, pain, or failed collection. A winged infusion set gives better control for fragile or difficult veins, but the phlebotomist must still anchor the vein, insert bevel up, and keep the angle low. A 25° or 30° angle is more consistent with routine antecubital venipuncture rather than shallow hand-vein access. A 45° angle is excessive for venous collection and creates unnecessary tissue trauma. The NHA CPT test plan places this under routine blood collection skills, including equipment selection, winged collection sets, hand vascular anatomy, site selection, and angle of needle insertion and withdrawal. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; winged collection set; hand veins; angle of needle insertion.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the following is the correct method for cleaning a small blood spill?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A small blood spill should be cleaned using an approved disinfectant according to facility policy. Blood is treated as potentially infectious, so spill response requires gloves, appropriate PPE, containment, removal of visible material, disinfection with correct contact time, and proper disposal of contaminated materials. Dry gauze alone does not disinfect the surface and can spread contamination. Air freshener has no disinfection role. Covering the spill and leaving it to dry is unsafe because dried blood may still represent a contamination hazard and creates exposure risk for staff and patients. The specific disinfectant may vary by facility, but it must be appropriate for bloodborne pathogens and used as directed. The phlebotomist must also avoid direct hand contact, dispose of materials in designated biohazard waste when required, and perform hand hygiene after glove removal. This question tests standard precautions, environmental safety, and infection-control discipline. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; blood spill cleanup; disinfectants; standard precautions; biohazard waste.
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which of the following actions is required before using a new lot number of point-of-care testing strips?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Quality control testing should be performed before using a new lot number of point-of-care testing strips. Lot-to-lot variation can affect test performance, and QC confirms that the strips, controls, meter, and operator process are producing acceptable results before patient testing begins. Freezing strips is incorrect unless a manufacturer specifically requires a storage condition, and most reagent strips have controlled storage requirements that must not be improvised. Mixing old and new lots is unsafe because it creates traceability problems and can invalidate quality control. Using strips only for "control patients" is meaningless; patient specimens should not be used to validate unverified supplies. For waived testing and point-of-care testing, the phlebotomist must follow manufacturer instructions, document QC results, check expiration dates, store materials properly, and stop patient testing when controls fail. If QC is outside range, patient results should not be reported until corrective action is completed. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; Special Collections; point-of-care testing; quality control; reagent lot verification.
NEW QUESTION # 40
A patient states they ate breakfast 1 hour before a fasting lipid panel. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should ask the provider or follow facility policy to determine whether the specimen should still be collected. A fasting lipid panel can be affected by recent food intake, especially triglyceride-related measurements and specimen lipemia. The phlebotomist must not falsely mark the specimen as fasting because that creates inaccurate documentation and can mislead clinical interpretation. Telling the patient to drink water and wait 30 minutes does not restore the required fasting state. Changing the order to another test is outside the phlebotomist's scope; only an authorized provider can change laboratory orders. The proper role is to verify patient preparation, document noncompliance if the draw proceeds, and communicate the issue through the appropriate workflow. Patient preparation is a major preanalytical control point. A technically perfect venipuncture can still produce clinically misleading results if fasting, medication timing, posture, or timing requirements are ignored. Reference topics: Patient Preparation; fasting requirements; patient compliance; requisition review; preanalytical variables.
NEW QUESTION # 41
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take after receiving a critical value?
Answer: C
Explanation:
A critical value must be reported to the provider directly and promptly according to facility policy. Critical values represent results that may indicate an immediate threat to the patient's health, so delayed communication can create patient-safety risk. The phlebotomist should follow the organization's read-back, documentation, escalation, and notification procedure, especially when the result comes from point-of-care or waived testing performed by the phlebotomist. Waiting until all collections are completed is unsafe because critical values require timely clinical action. Asking a colleague to repeat the testing is not the correct first response unless the facility's procedure specifically requires confirmatory testing and the phlebotomist is authorized to perform it. Recording the value in the chart for later nurse review is also insufficient because it does not ensure immediate provider notification. Critical value handling is part of specimen processing, communication, patient safety, and point-of-care testing responsibility. NHA CPT competencies include reporting abnormal or critical results, communicating with clinical personnel, documenting results, and following testing protocols. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; Special Collections; point-of-care testing; critical value reporting.
NEW QUESTION # 42
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