CWNP CWNA-109 Exam Overviews - Valid CWNA-109 Exam Papers

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CWNP CWNA-109 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
IEEE 802.11 Regulations and Standards15%- Regulatory Bodies and Domains
  • 1. Frequency bands and channels
  • 2. FCC, ETSI, IC, and others
- IEEE 802.11 Standards
  • 1. 802.11-2020 and amendments (a/b/g/n/ac/ax)
  • 2. Channel bonding and widths
  • 3. 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) overview
IEEE 802.11 Protocols and Devices20%- 802.11 Frame Types
  • 1. Management, Control, and Data frames
  • 2. Frame exchange processes
- CSMA/CA
  • 1. DCF and EDCA
  • 2. RTS/CTS
- WLAN Architecture
  • 1. Stations (STA), Access Points (AP)
  • 2. Distribution System (DS)
  • 3. Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)
  • 4. Extended Service Set (ESS)
  • 5. Basic Service Set (BSS)
IEEE 802.11 Network Implementation20%- Power over Ethernet (PoE)
  • 1. 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt
- Deployment Models
  • 1. Distributed and Centralized architectures
  • 2. Autonomous APs
  • 3. Cloud-based and Controller-based
- Site Survey and Design
  • 1. Active site surveys
  • 2. AP placement and density
  • 3. Predictive and Passive site surveys
Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies15%- RF Mathematics
  • 1. Link budget calculations
  • 2. Inverse Square Law
  • 3. dB, dBi, dBd, dBm
- RF Fundamentals
  • 1. RF behaviors: absorption, reflection, refraction, diffraction, scattering
  • 2. Wavelength, frequency, and amplitude
  • 3. Signal strength and loss (attenuation)
- Antenna Concepts
  • 1. Antenna types and usage
  • 2. Polarization
  • 3. Antenna gain and patterns
IEEE 802.11 Network Operations15%- Troubleshooting
  • 1. Spectrum analysis
  • 2. Common connectivity issues
  • 3. Protocol analysis
- Performance Optimization
  • 1. Channel management
  • 2. Roaming (802.11r/k/v)
  • 3. QoS (WMM)
IEEE 802.11 Network Security15%- Security Basics
  • 1. Legacy security (WEP, WPA)
  • 2. Authentication and Association
  • 3. WPA2 and WPA3
- Encryption and Authentication
  • 1. OWE and SAE
  • 2. CCMP, GCMP
  • 3. 802.1X/EAP

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CWNP Wireless Network Administrator (CWNA) Sample Questions (Q57-Q62):

NEW QUESTION # 57
When using a spectrum to look for non Wi-Fi interference sources, you notice significant interference across the entire 2.4 GHz band (not on a few select frequencies) within the desktop area of a users workspace, but the interference disappears quickly after just 2 meters. What is the most likely cause of this interference?

Answer: A

Explanation:
USB 3 devices in the user's work area are the most likely cause of this interference when using a spectrum analyzer to look for non-Wi-Fi interference sources. A spectrum analyzer is a tool that measures and visualizes the radio frequency activity and interference in the wireless environment. A spectrum analyzer can show the spectrum usage and energy levels on each frequency band or channel and help identify and locate the sources of interference. Interference is any unwanted signal that disrupts or degrades the intended signal on a wireless channel. Interference can be caused by various sources, such as other Wi-Fi devices, non-Wi-Fi devices, or natural phenomena. Interference can affect WLAN performance and quality by causing signal loss, noise, distortion, or errors. USB 3 devices are non-Wi-Fi devices that use USB 3.0 technology to transfer data at high speeds between computers and peripherals, such as hard drives, flash drives, cameras, or printers.
USB 3 devices can generate electromagnetic radiation that interferes with Wi-Fi signals in the 2.4 GHz band, especially when they are close to Wi-Fi devices or antennas. USB 3 devices can cause significant interference across the entire 2.4 GHz band (not on a few select frequencies) within the desktop area of a user's workspace, but the interference disappears quickly after just 2 meters. This is because USB 3 devices emit broadband interference that affects all channels in the 2.4 GHz band with a high intensity near the source but a low intensity at a distance due to attenuation. The other options are not likely to cause this interference pattern when using a spectrum analyzer to look for non-Wi-Fi interference sources. Bluetooth devices in the user's work area are non-Wi-Fi devices that use Bluetooth technology to communicate wirelessly between computers and peripherals, such as keyboards, mice, headphones, or speakers. Bluetooth devices can cause interference with Wi-Fi signals in the 2.4 GHz band, but they use frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technique that changes frequencies rapidly and randomly within a range of 79 channels. Therefore, Bluetooth devices do not cause significant interference across the entire 2.4 GHz band (not on a few select frequencies), but rather intermittent interference on some channels at different times. Excess RF energy from a nearby AP is not a non-Wi-Fi interference source but rather a Wi-Fi interference source that occurs when an AP transmits more power than necessary for its coverage area. Excess RF energy from a nearby AP can cause co- channel interference (CCI) with other APs or client devices that use the same channel within range of each other. CCI reduces performance and capacity because it causes contention and collisions on the wireless medium,


NEW QUESTION # 58
You are implementing a multi-AP WLAN and fast secure roaming is essential. Which one of the following methods is an IEEE 802.11 standard method for fast roaming?

Answer: B

Explanation:
FT (Fast Transition) is an IEEE 802.11 standard method for fast roaming. FT is defined in the IEEE 802.11r amendment and is also known as Fast BSS Transition (FBT) or Fast Secure Roaming. FT is a feature that allows a client station to quickly switch from one AP to another within the same ESS (Extended Service Set) without having to re-authenticate and re-associate with each AP. This reduces the latency and packet loss that may occur during roaming, thus improving the user experience and maintaining the security of the connection. FT works by using pre-authentication and key caching mechanisms that allow the client station and the APs to exchange security information before the actual roaming occurs. This way, when the client station decides to roam to a new AP, it can use a fast reassociation request and response that contain only a few fields, instead of a full authentication and association exchange that require more time and data.


NEW QUESTION # 59
When a STA has authenticated to an AP (AP-1), but still maintains a connection with another AP (AP-2), what is the state of the STA on AP-1?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Authenticated and Unassociated. According to one of the web search results1, a STA can be authenticated to multiple APs, but it can only be associated to one AP at a time. Association is the process of establishing a logical link between the STA and the AP, which allows the STA to send and receive data frames through the AP2. Therefore, when a STA has authenticated to an AP-1, but still maintains a connection with another AP-2, it means that the STA is authenticated to both APs, but only associated to AP-2. The state of the STA on AP-1 is authenticated and unassociated, which means that the STA can switch to AP-1 without repeating the authentication process, but it cannot send or receive data frames through AP-1 until it becomes associated.


NEW QUESTION # 60
You are tasked with performing a throughput test on the WLAN. The manager asks that you use open source tools to reduce costs. What open source tool is designed to perform a throughput test?

Answer: C

Explanation:
iPerf is an open source tool that is designed to perform a throughput test on the WLAN. iPerf is a cross- platform command-line tool that can measure the bandwidth and quality of network links by generating TCP or UDP traffic between two endpoints. iPerf can run as either a server or a client mode, depending on whether it receives or sends traffic. iPerf can also report various metrics of network performance, such as throughput, jitter, packet loss, delay, and TCP window size. To perform a throughput test on the WLAN using iPerf, one device needs to run iPerf in server mode and another device needs to run iPerf in client mode. The devices need to be connected to the same WLAN network and have their IP addresses configured properly. The device running iPerf in client mode needs to specify the IP address of the device running iPerf in server mode as well as other parameters such as protocol, port number, duration, interval, bandwidth limit, packet size, etc.
The device running iPerf in server mode will listen for incoming connections from the client device and send back acknowledgments or responses depending on the protocol used. The device running iPerf in client mode will send traffic to the server device according to the specified parameters and measure the network performance. The device running iPerf in client mode will display the results of the throughput test at the end of the test or at regular intervals during the test. The results can show the average, minimum, maximum, and instantaneous throughput of the network link, as well as other metrics such as jitter, packet loss, delay, and TCP window size. References: 1, Chapter 7, page 287; 2, Section 4.3


NEW QUESTION # 61
An 802.11-based network uses an AP and has several connecting clients. The clients include iPhones, iPads, laptops and one desktop. What WLAN use case is represented?

Answer: B

Explanation:
A BSS (Basic Service Set) is a WLAN use case that represents an 802.11-based network that uses an AP (Access Point) and has several connecting clients. The AP acts as a central point of coordination and communication for the clients, which can include iPhones, iPads, laptops, desktops, or any other devices that have Wi-Fi capabilities. A BSS can be identified by a unique BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier), which is usually the MAC address of the AP's radio interface. A BSS can also be associated with an SSID (Service Set Identifier), which is a human-readable name that identifies the network. References: , Chapter 1, page 23; , Section 1.1


NEW QUESTION # 62
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