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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Software Development Security | 11% | - Application Security Controls - Secure Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) |
| Topic 2: Security Operations | 13% | - Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity - Incident Response |
| Topic 3: Identity and Access Management (IAM) | 13% | - Authentication and Authorization - Identity Lifecycle Management |
| Topic 4: Security Assessment and Testing | 12% | - Security Testing Methods - Audit Processes |
| Topic 5: Communication and Network Security | 13% | - Network Architecture and Design - Secure Network Components |
| Topic 6: Security Architecture and Engineering | 13% | - Security Models and Frameworks - Secure Design Principles |
| Topic 7: Asset Security | 10% | - Data Lifecycle Management - Information and Asset Classification |
| Topic 8: Security and Risk Management | 14% | - Security Governance Principles - Compliance and Legal Requirements - Professional Ethics |
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NEW QUESTION # 433
Which of the following remote access authentication systems is the MOST robust?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
TACACS+ is more secure compared to TACACS, RADIUS, and PAP.
Incorrect Answers:
B: TACACS+ encrypts all of this data between the client and server and thus does not have the vulnerabilities inherent in the RADIUS protocol.
C: PAP transmits unencrypted ASCII passwords over the network and is therefore considered insecure.
D: TACACS uses fixed passwords for authentication, while TACACS+ allows users to employ dynamic (one-time) passwords, which provides more protection. TACACS+ is XTACACS with extended two-factor user authentication.
References:
Harris, Shon, All In One CISSP Exam Guide, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2013, p. 234
NEW QUESTION # 434
Which security model ensures that actions that take place at a higher security level do not affect actions that take place at a lower level?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The goal of a noninterference model is to strictly separate differing security levels to
assure that higher-level actions do not determine what lower-level users can see. This is in
contrast to other security models that control information flows between differing levels of users,
By maintaining strict separation of security levels, a noninterference model minimizes leakages
that might happen through a covert channel.
The model ensures that any actions that take place at a higher security level do not affect, or
interfere with, actions that take place at a lower level.
It is not concerned with the flow of data, but rather with what a subject knows about the state of
the system. So if an entity at a higher security level performs an action, it can not change the state
for the entity at the lower level.
The model also addresses the inference attack that occurs when some one has access to some
type of information and can infer(guess) something that he does not have the clearance level or
authority to know.
The following are incorrect answers:
The Bell-LaPadula model is incorrect. The Bell-LaPadula model is concerned only with
confidentiality and bases access control decisions on the classfication of objects and the
clearences of subjects.
The information flow model is incorrect. The information flow models have a similar framework to
the Bell-LaPadula model and control how information may flow between objects based on security
classes. Information will be allowed to flow only in accordance with the security policy.
The Clark-Wilson model is incorrect. The Clark-Wilson model is concerned with change control
and assuring that all modifications to objects preserve integrity by means of well-formed
transactions and usage of an access triple (subjet - interface - object).
References:
CBK, pp 325 - 326
AIO3, pp. 290 - 291
AIOv4 Security Architecture and Design (page 345)
AIOv5 Security Architecture and Design (pages 347 - 348)
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Security_Architecture_and_Design/Security_Models#Noninterference
_Models
NEW QUESTION # 435
Which of the following algorithms does NOT provide hashing?
Answer: B
Explanation:
As it is an algorithm used for encryption and does not provide hashing functions , it
is also commonly implemented ' Stream Ciphers '.
The other answers are incorrect because :
SHA-1 was designed by NIST and NSA to be used with the Digital Signature Standard (DSS).
SHA was designed to be used in digital signatures and was developed when a more secure
hashing algorithm was required for U.S. government applications.
MD2 is a one-way hash function designed by Ron Rivest that creates a 128-bit message digest
value. It is not necessarily any weaker than the other algorithms in the "MD" family, but it is much
slower.
MD5 was also created by Ron Rivest and is the newer version of MD4. It still produces a 128-bit hash, but the algorithm is more complex, which makes it harder to break. Reference : Shon Harris , AIO v3 , Chapter - 8 : Cryptography , Page : 644 - 645
NEW QUESTION # 436
An external consultant has violated an organization's Acceptable Use Policy (AUP), which of the following is the PRIMARY disciplinary action towards the consultant?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The primary disciplinary action towards an external consultant who has violated an organization's Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) should be based on the contract used to hire the consultant. The contract likely includes specific clauses regarding acceptable behavior, performance expectations, and penalties for violations, including breaches of the organization's AUP.
Therefore, the terms outlined in the consultant's contract should be the foundation for taking appropriate action.
NEW QUESTION # 437
Which of the following statements relating to the Biba security model is FALSE?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Biba model was developed after the Bell-LaPadula model. It is a state machine model and is very similar to the Bell-LaPadula model but the rules are 100% the opposite of Bell-LaPadula.
Biba addresses the integrity of data within applications. The Bell-LaPadula model uses a lattice of security levels (top secret, secret, sensitive, and so on). These security levels were developed mainly to ensure that sensitive data was only available to authorized individuals. The Biba model
is not concerned with security levels and confidentiality, so it does not base access decisions upon
this type of lattice. The Biba model uses a lattice of integrity levels instead of a lattice of
confidentiality levels like Bel-LaPadula.
If implemented and enforced properly, the Biba model prevents data from any integrity level from
flowing to a higher integrity level. Biba has two main rules to provide this type of protection:
*-integrity axiom A subject cannot write data to an object at a higher integrity level (referred to as
"no write up").
Simple integrity axiom A subject cannot read data from a lower integrity level (referred to as "no
read down").
Extra Information on clark-wilson model to understand the concepts:
The Clark-Wilson model was developed after Biba and takes some different approaches to
protecting the integrity of information. This model uses the following elements:
Users Active agents
Transformation procedures (TPs) Programmed abstract operations, such as read, write, and
modify
Constrained data items (CDIs) Can be manipulated only by TPs
Unconstrained data items (UDIs) Can be manipulated by users via primitive read and write
operations
Integrity verification procedures (IVPs) Run periodically to check the consistency of CDIs with
external reality
The other answers are incorrect:
It is a state machine model: Biba model is a state machine model and addresses the integrity of
data within applications.
A subject is not allowed to write up is a part of integrity axiom in the Biba model.
Integrity levels are assigned to subjects and objects is also a characteristic of Biba model as it
addresses integrity.
Reference(s) used for this question:
Shon Harris , AIO v3 , Chapter-5 : Security Models and Architecture , Page : 282 - 284
Reference: AIOv4 Security Architecture and Design (pages 338 - 342)
AIOv5 Security Architecture and Design (pages 341 - 344)
NEW QUESTION # 438
......
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