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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| High Availability | 20% | - Recovery procedures, graceful degradation, business continuity - Redundancy models for VNFs and distributed infrastructure - ECMP, BGP multi-path, failure detection and failover |
| Cloud Interconnect | 25% | - WAN optimization, overlay networks, peering strategies - Latency, redundancy, traffic engineering for hybrid environments - Connectivity options: direct connect, MPLS, segment routing - Interconnection with public cloud, on-prem, carrier-neutral facilities |
| Virtualized Architecture | 25% | - NFVI design, resource allocation, multi-tenancy - IaaS constraints, VLAN scale, segmentation - Cloud service models: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, FaaS - Virtual machine and container orchestration |
| Security | 15% | - Segmentation, encryption, TLS/mTLS, threat mitigation - Control/management plane security, API protection - BGP Flowspec, TACACS+, MACsec, zero-trust principles - Infrastructure protection: ACL, uRPF, RTBH, router hardening |
| Service Assurance and Optimization | 15% | - QoS design, traffic optimization, capacity planning - Monitoring, telemetry, performance metrics, troubleshooting - Fault management, SLA compliance, analytics |
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NEW QUESTION # 98 
Refer to the exhibit. An engineer must stop a DoS attack on web and mail servers by using destination-based RTBH routing. Which two commands must be run on router R1? (Choose two)
Answer: D,E
Explanation:
Destination-based Remote Triggered Black Hole (RTBH) routing is a DDoS mitigation technique where trafficto a victim's IP addressis intentionally routed to a special next hop (usually Null0) so that the traffic is dropped as close to the source as possible.
On the edge router (R1 in the figure), this is accomplished by installing/32 static routesfor the victim endpoints, pointing to the null interface. When these routes are installed (often triggered via BGP in larger deployments), any traffic destined to those exact IP addresses is discarded.
In the topology:
* Web server IP:10.20.10.2
* Mail server IP:10.30.10.2
To perform destination-based RTBH at R1, we must configure static /32 routes to Null0 for each victim IP:
ip route 10.20.10.2 255.255.255.255 Null0
ip route 10.30.10.2 255.255.255.255 Null0
These correspond to:
* Option Cfor the web server (10.20.10.2)
* Option Afor the mail server (10.30.10.2)
The other options are incorrect for RTBH:
* BandDremove /24 routes via 10.10.10.2; they do not implement black-holing and would break normal routing rather than selectively drop attack traffic.
* Eblack-holes 10.20.10.1, which is the default gateway on R2, not the victim server; that would impact overall connectivity instead of just dropping traffic to the attacked host.
NEW QUESTION # 99
EVPN Multi-Site (EVPN-MPLS) allows for which of the following?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 100 
Refer to the exhibit. An engineer is troubleshooting a physical configuration issue in Cisco NFVI. Which two observations should be made? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
From the RAID controller output:
* TheRAID1virtual drive is shown as"Dgrd" (degraded)with a note:"RAID 1 in degraded state."
* In thePD LIST, one disk (slot 2) is marked"UGood - active disk in slot 2 disconnected from drive group 0", while the other (slot 3) is"Onln 0"(online and part of drive group 0).
This means:
* In aRAID 1mirror, onlyone diskmay fail while the array remains available.
* Here,one disk has failed/disconnected, the other is still online # the array isdegraded but operational.
Therefore:
* B. One RAID 1 disk failed- correct.
* C. The node is still functional- correct; RAID1 can tolerate a single disk failure.
The other options are incorrect:
* A and Esuggest two disk failures, which is not indicated.
* Dwould be true only if both disks failed; with one disk still online, the node continues to function, though in a degraded state.
NEW QUESTION # 101
An engineer must add VNF implementation definitions and VNF service definitions to an OpenStack deployment data model to deploy virtual routers and firewalls to an enterprise network. After the virtual machine resources are prepared, which action must be taken next?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In an NFV environment following Cisco NFV Infrastructure and ETSI MANO architecture, the onboarding workflow for VNF deployment follows this high-level order:
* Define VNF descriptors (VNFD and NSD)- Includes implementation details and service definitions.
* Prepare virtual machine resources- Flavor, image, CPU/memory/storage, and placement.
* Define the NFV network- This step builds the underlay/overlay connectivity needed for the VNF.- It includes virtual network creation, interfaces, VLs (Virtual Links), connection points, and mapping into OpenStack (Neutron networks, subnets, ports).- No VNF can be deployed until the NFV service networks (management, control, data, HA) are defined.
* Apply Day-0 configuration- Bootstrapping/initial config.
* Apply Day-1 operational characteristics- Routing, services, policies.
* Configure operational monitoring (KPIs)- Performance and fault measurements.
Since the question states"after the VM resources are prepared", the next mandatory stage is defining the virtual network connectivity on which the VNFs will operate.
NEW QUESTION # 102
What role does NFVI MANO play in service assurance?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 103
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