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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology | - Drug classifications and uses - Dosage calculations and administration |
| Pain Management and Analgesia | - Pain assessment techniques - Analgesic drug use |
| Diagnostic Imaging | - Radiography positioning and safety - Image processing and interpretation basics |
| Animal Care and Nursing | - Nutrition and husbandry - Patient handling and restraint |
| Laboratory Procedures | - Urinalysis and microbiology - Hematology and clinical pathology |
| Dentistry | - Oral anatomy and disease recognition - Dental prophylaxis procedures |
| Emergency Medicine and Critical Care | - Shock management and CPR - Triage and stabilization |
| Surgical Nursing | - Preoperative and postoperative care - Sterile technique and instrumentation |
| Anesthesia | - Anesthetic protocols and equipment - Anesthetic monitoring |
私たちのVTNE試験材料とサービスはあなたのVTNE試験に合格することに役に立ちます。私たちはあなたの時間と精力を節約してタイムスケジュールを設定します。 私たちのVTNE試験資料は確かに有効かつ全面的であるので、VTNE試験の合格率が高いです。私たちのVTNE試験資料のような書籍が少ないので、早く買いましょう！
質問 # 55
An indoor-outdoor 5-year-old DSH, MN presents with a 2-day history of limping and not wanting to go outside. The owner noticed a swelling in the rump area maybe 3-4 days ago, but then didn't see it anymore. He is up to date on vaccines and still eating normally. While you get the patient's weight, you notice a moist area on the rump and ask the owner's permission to shave it. You find moist, purulent discharge in the area, slight swelling, and he is in pain.
After the vet does her evaluation, which of the following may she ask you to do?
正解：C
解説：
Given the signalment and commonly seen presentation of a cat with a wound of unknown origin, the most likely scenario is that this was a bite wound that got infected and abscessed open. However, trauma of any kind can do the same thing. Cats are very good at walling off abscesses but still require treatment.
We already know that cat is in pain. Thus, the first step should be providing pain relief to treat pain and facilitate the clipping, cleaning, flushing, and evaluation of the wound. Depending on the degree of lameness and the extent of the injury, the veterinarian may elect to take radiographs after she gets a better wound examination.
While giving a rabies vaccination booster in many jurisdictions is appropriate for a wound of unknown origin, most jurisdictions require it to be administered by a veterinarian. Additionally, the veterinarian needs to fully evaluate the wound before administration. While it should be done according to local laws related to this type of wound and vaccination, it would be the last step, not the first.
質問 # 56
What is a common sign of impacted anal glands?
正解：C
解説：
Scooting or dragging the hind end is a common sign that the anal glands are either impacted or infected. Pets may scoot in an effort to empty the anal sacs or relieve the associated pruritus. Other signs of impacted anal glands include scratching, licking, and chewing the rear end.
Pets may also scoot if they have irritation, parasites, or a perianal tumor.
Diarrhea, vomiting, and increased gastrointestinal sounds are not normal signs associated with impacted anal glands. However, after an episode of diarrhea, it is not uncommon to see anal gland issues occur, since they are normally expressed with the expulsion of formed stool.
質問 # 57
Part of maintaining professional communication includes the proper use and maintenance of medical records. All of the following are primary functions of medical records, except:
正解：A
解説：
Functions of medical records fall into primary, or medical care-based, functions and secondary services (business and legal-based components).
Primary functions include:
*Proper identification of the patient and client (pet parent and pet)
*Supports communication among the healthcare team members and the owner
*Provides support and documentation of any diagnostics, procedures (e.g., surgeries) and treatment plans
*Personalizes the veterinary client-patient relationship (VCPR)
*Supports the continuity of care
Secondary functions include:
*Billing verification
*Supports the analysis of the business, including budgeting, staffing, and income
*Supports individual and collective accreditation
*Serves as a legal document in the event of concerns for malpractice, insurance claims, or other purposes
*Supports research by being a possible source for case studies, educational purposes, registries, or databases
質問 # 58
Serum lipase elevations are frequently associated with inflammation of which organ?
正解：D
解説：
Lipase is a pancreatic enzyme responsible for breaking down lipids into fatty acids. It is normally released into the bloodstream when the pancreas is stimulated for digestion, but if the pancreas becomes inflamed, it can secrete too much. Increases in amylase will often parallel increases in lipase, the corresponding pancreatic enzyme for digesting carbohydrates into sugars.
Mosby's Comprehensive Review for Veterinary Technicians 5th Edition. Pg 89-91.
Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians 3rd Edition. Pg 405.
質問 # 59
You are asked to assist in managing a 6-YO MN Doberman. He presented as a GDV and had surgery 24 hours prior. He is not yet eating and, despite a Nocita incisional block, remains painful on abdominal palpation. You alert the overnight emergency doctor.
He has orders for hydromorphone as needed, but you feel this wouldn't be a good idea for all of the following reasons, except:
正解：D
解説：
In healthy animals, hydromorphone can cause GI upset and vomiting. It is a pure mu-agonist opioid and, like all opioids, can cause significant ileus (gut stops moving or dramatically slows down). This can lead to further GI upset and constipation. It may not be the best option for a patient when getting him to eat is paramount to healing the stomach/GI tract. Further, while it is a reversible drug, it does remain in the system for up to six hours or more, depending on the patient. Many vets also feel that for visceral pain, it is less effective than other pain medication options.
Most likely, this patient received Cerenia, either on presentation or as part of the surgical pre-op protocol. However, vomiting with hydromorphone is common (more so with IM than IV administration). Still, a fentanyl CRI (which can be easily stopped, and any slowing of the GI tract or other abnormalities can be easily resolved) may be a better option. Many feel it is better at controlling visceral pain. Additional options would be dexmedetomidine, lidocaine, or ketamine CRI. All potential options come with their own side effects. Further, depending on the severity of pain, a combination of an opioid and lidocaine +/- ketamine (FLK, for example) may be used to ensure adequate pain supply yet lessen the amount of each drug needed, thereby hopefully improving quality of life and encouraging eating.
If CRIs are not an option, choosing methadone over hydromorphone for intermittent injections may be beneficial, as we see less GI upset (anti-emetic properties). However, it can be costlier and needs to be dosed more frequently. Further, a shortage is ongoing as of October 2023 and, thus, it may not be a viable option.
質問 # 60
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