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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Home Network | - Home devices and connectivity - Wi-Fi fundamentals |
| Introduction to Fixed Networks | - Broadband access fundamentals - FTTH, FTTx and FWA solutions |
| Fixed Networks Management | - Altiplano Software-Defined Access Network (SDAN) - NFV and SDN concepts - Netconf/YANG and telemetry |
| Access Network | - Multicast and QoS principles - OLT functions - Access network architecture |
| Broadband Services | - Internet, IPTV and voice services - Lightspan service components |
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NEW QUESTION # 19
What is the primary purpose of vectoring in a DSL access network?
Answer: C
Explanation:
DSL vectoring is primarily used to reduce or cancel far-end crosstalk between copper pairs operating within the same cable bundle. Crosstalk can significantly reduce the attainable data rate, particularly with high-frequency technologies such as VDSL2. A vectoring system measures interference among coordinated lines and generates compensating signals that counteract the crosstalk. This can improve connection stability and allow lines to operate closer to their theoretical performance. Vectoring is different from bonding. Bonding combines the capacity of multiple physical copper pairs to increase the aggregate subscriber bitrate. Vectoring also does not divide optical signals because that is the function of a splitter in a passive optical network. Its effectiveness generally depends on coordinating the relevant DSL lines through compatible access equipment.
NEW QUESTION # 20
An optical link experiences unexpectedly high signal loss immediately after a fiber cable is routed around a very tight corner. What is the most likely cause?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Macrobending occurs when an optical fiber is bent with a radius smaller than its supported minimum bend radius. The excessive bend can cause part of the optical signal to escape from the core, increasing attenuation and reducing the received optical power. This problem can appear after poor cable installation, improper storage, or routing the cable sharply around structural objects. Chromatic dispersion causes different wavelengths or spectral components of an optical pulse to travel at slightly different speeds, but it is not normally triggered by one tight physical corner. DSL crosstalk applies to copper pairs, while Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation controls upstream transmission opportunities in a PON. Correcting the cable routing and respecting the specified bend radius can remove or reduce the loss.
NEW QUESTION # 21
What is a typical function of the Network Termination card in a Nokia Lightspan access node?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The Network Termination card provides network-facing connectivity for a Lightspan access node. Its faceplate can contain connectors and optical cages used to connect the node to external aggregation, transport, management, synchronization, or other supported interfaces. The card participates in forwarding traffic between subscriber-facing line termination resources and the upstream network. It is an active component and must not be confused with a passive optical splitter in the outside plant. It also does not provide in-home Wi-Fi directly to subscriber devices; that function belongs to a residential gateway or Wi-Fi access point. Analog telephones are normally connected through voice-capable subscriber equipment, such as an ONT with appropriate telephone interfaces, rather than directly to the Lightspan NT card.
NEW QUESTION # 22
What is the primary function of the cladding in an optical fiber?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which traffic-delivery method is commonly used for a live IPTV channel watched simultaneously by many subscribers?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Live IPTV channels are commonly distributed using multicast because many subscribers may request the same content at the same time. The network carries a shared stream across common paths and replicates packets only where delivery paths branch toward participating receivers. Subscribers signal membership using protocols such as IGMP. This approach is more bandwidth-efficient than delivering a separate unicast copy from the source to every viewer. Video on Demand is commonly delivered using unicast because each viewer may start, pause, or seek through different content independently. NETCONF notifications carry management events rather than television content. IPTV is packet-based and does not require a separate analog transmission for every copper pair. Effective multicast deployment also depends on correct group control, snooping, routing, QoS, and service-forwarding configuration.
NEW QUESTION # 24
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