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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Wireless Networks | 5% | - Wireless Hacking Tools - Security Best Practices - Wireless Threats & Attacks - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 |
| Topic 2: Session Hijacking | 4% | - Session Hijacking Concepts - Hijacking Techniques - Application & Network Level Hijacking - Countermeasures |
| Topic 3: Malware Threats | 7% | - AI-Powered Malware - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - APT & Fileless Malware - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms |
| Topic 4: Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - Evasion Techniques - Honeypot Concepts & Detection - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies |
| Topic 5: Cloud Computing | 5% | - Cloud Security Risks - Cloud Security Best Practices - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Models & Services |
| Topic 6: Scanning Networks | 8% | - Host & Port Discovery - Service & OS Fingerprinting - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall - Scanning Countermeasures - Network Scanning Basics - AI-Assisted Scanning |
| Topic 7: Enumeration | 7% | - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration - Enumeration Countermeasures - AI-Driven Enumeration - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - Enumeration Concepts |
| Topic 8: Cryptography | 5% | - Cryptography in Practice - Public Key Infrastructure - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms - Cryptanalysis & Attacks |
| Topic 9: Social Engineering | 6% | - Social Engineering Concepts - Countermeasures & Awareness - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting - Identity Theft |
| Topic 10: Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - OSINT Techniques - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping - Reconnaissance Concepts |
| Topic 11: Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Mobile Device Security - Mobile Attack Vectors - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities |
| Topic 12: Denial-of-Service | 4% | - Attack Techniques & Botnets - Defense Mechanisms - DDoS Tools - DoS & DDoS Concepts |
| Topic 13: Sniffing | 5% | - Packet Sniffing Concepts - MITM Attacks - Sniffing Countermeasures - Sniffing Tools & Techniques |
| Topic 14: Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Information Security Concepts - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK - Legal and Ethical Compliance - Ethical Hacking Methodology |
| Topic 15: Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Scanning & Analysis Tools - Vulnerability Research & Databases |
| Topic 16: Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - Web Security Countermeasures - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - SQL Injection & Command Injection - Web Server Vulnerabilities - API Security Risks |
| Topic 17: System Hacking | 8% | - Clearing Tracks & Logs - Maintaining Access - Gaining Access: Password Attacks - Privilege Escalation |
| Topic 18: IoT & OT Security | 4% | - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks - Security Controls - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems |
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질문 # 610
An IT security team is conducting an internal review of security protocols in their organization to identify potential vulnerabilities. During their investigation, they encounter a suspicious program running on several computers. Further examination reveals that the program has been logging all user keystrokes. How can the security team confirm the type of program and what countermeasures should be taken to ensure the same attack does not occur in the future?
정답：A
설명：
A keylogger is a type of spyware that can record and steal consecutive keystrokes (and much more) that the user enters on a device. Keyloggers are a common tool for cybercriminals, who use them to capture passwords, credit card numbers, personal information, and other sensitive data. Keyloggers can be installed on a device through various methods, such as phishing emails, malicious downloads, or physical access. To confirm the type of program, the security team can use a web search tool, such as Bing, to look for keylogger programs and compare their features and behaviors with the suspicious program they encountered.
Alternatively, they can use a malware analysis tool, such as Malwarebytes, to scan and identify the program and its characteristics.
To prevent the same attack from occurring in the future, the security team should employ intrusion detection systems (IDS) and regularly update the system software. An IDS is a system that monitors network traffic and system activities for signs of malicious or unauthorized behavior, such as keylogger installation or communication. An IDS can alert the security team of any potential threats and help them respond accordingly. Regularly updating the system software can help patch any vulnerabilities or bugs that keyloggers may exploit to infect the device. Additionally, the security team should also remove the keylogger program from the affected computers and change any compromised passwords or credentials. References:
Keylogger | What is a Keylogger? How to protect yourself
How to Detect and Remove a Keylogger From Your Computer
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) What is a Keylogger? | Keystroke Logging Definition | Avast Keylogger Software: 11 Best Free to Use in 2023
질문 # 611
A red team member uses an access token obtained from an Azure function to authenticate with Azure PowerShell and retrieve storage account keys. What kind of abuse does this scenario demonstrate?
정답：D
설명：
This scenario demonstrates abuse of managed identities, where an access token intended for an Azure function is misused to authenticate to Azure services and retrieve sensitive resources like storage account keys without proper authorization.
질문 # 612
Natalie Brooks is leading an authorized red team exercise for Sentinel Networks in Seattle. While briefing her team on different attacker profiles, she describes an individual who is new to cybersecurity, actively learning techniques through online communities, and experimenting with basic tools on low-risk targets to build practical skills without causing significant damage.
Which hacker class best matches this profile?
정답：B
설명：
The correct answer is B. Green Hat Hacker.
A Green Hat Hacker is a beginner or newcomer who is learning hacking techniques and building practical skills. The profile in the scenario describes someone new to cybersecurity, actively learning from online communities, and experimenting with basic tools.
CEH-aligned hacker classification material describes a Neophyte, also called a n00b, newbie, or Green Hat Hacker, as someone who is new to hacking or phreaking and has little or no knowledge or experience with technology and hacking .
Option A. Blue Hat Hacker is incorrect because a blue hat hacker is commonly associated with external bug testing before a system launch.
Option C. Gray Hat Hacker is incorrect because gray hats may violate rules or permissions while not necessarily having malicious intent.
Option D. Red Hat Hacker is incorrect because red hats are generally associated with aggressive action against malicious hackers or high-value targets.
Therefore, the best answer is B. Green Hat Hacker.
질문 # 613
A regional logistics provider in Charlotte, North Carolina, operates its shipment tracking and partner API services on an Apache web platform configured to support a modern multiplexed communication protocol to improve efficiency under concurrent load. During a controlled stress assessment, testers simulate sustained client activity that repeatedly initiates and completes numerous lightweight exchanges over persistent connections. Over time, system monitoring reveals that memory utilization steadily increases despite stable request volume and no proportional rise in active sessions. Even after the simulated clients disconnect normally, resource usage does not return to baseline levels. After several cycles, the service becomes sluggish and must be restarted to restore normal responsiveness. No unusual disk activity or database errors are observed during the test window. The behavior is only present when the multiplexed protocol mode is enabled; reverting to legacy handing eliminates the issue. Which Apache vulnerability best explains this behavior?
정답：B
설명：
The scenario shows memory steadily increasing during HTTP/2 multiplexed connections and not being released even after clients disconnect, eventually degrading performance until restart. This matches a known issue where HTTP/2 streams do not properly reclaim memory after being reset (RST), leading to resource exhaustion over time.
질문 # 614
A digital forensics consultant in Portland, Oregon examines an iPhone seized as part of a corporate data leakage investigation. The device contains third-party extensions and system modifications not typically permitted by the operating system vendor. The owner explains that whenever the device is powered off and restarted, it boots normally and remains fully functional for everyday tasks such as calls and messaging.
However, the custom extensions and system-level tweaks do not function until a specific jailbreak application installed on the device is manually executed. No external computer is required during this reactivation process. Determine the type of jailbreaking technique implemented on this device.
정답：A
설명：
The correct answer is Semi-Untethered Jailbreaking. CEH mobile platform material distinguishes jailbreak persistence based on what happens after a reboot. In this scenario, the iPhone restarts normally and remains usable for ordinary functions, but the jailbreak-specific capabilities are inactive until the user manually runs a jailbreak application on the device. No computer is needed for that reactivation. That is the defining behavior of semi-untethered jailbreaking. Tethered jailbreaking would require connection to a computer during reboot.
Untethered jailbreaking would remain fully active across restarts with no manual reactivation step. Semi- tethered wording is sometimes used in older materials to describe normal boot without an immediate computer dependency, but in CEH-style modern exam phrasing, the specific indicator that an on-device app must be launched to reapply the jailbreak points to semi-untethered. CEH mobile security guidance uses these distinctions to help analysts recognize persistence, forensic artifacts, and operational risk on compromised iOS devices. Because the system boots normally, loses jailbreak functionality after restart, and regains it only when the local jailbreak app is executed, the most accurate classification is Semi-Untethered Jailbreaking.
질문 # 615
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