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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Services & Networking | 20% | - Understand connectivity between Pods - Use ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer service types and endpoints - Know how to use Ingress controllers and Ingress resources - Use the Gateway API to manage Ingress traffic - Define and enforce Network Policies - Understand and use CoreDNS |
| Storage | 10% | - Understand persistent volume claims primitive - Understand volume mode, access modes and reclaim policies - Understand Storage Classes and Persistent Volumes - Understand how to configure applications with persistent storage |
| Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Use ConfigMaps and Secrets to configure applications - Understand Static Pods - Understand how to run multiple schedulers and configure scheduler policies - Understand DaemonSets - Understand Deployments and rolling update/rollback - Use label selectors to schedule Pods - Understand how scheduler works - Understand resource limits and requests |
| Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Create and manage Kubernetes clusters using kubeadm - Prepare underlying infrastructure for installing a Kubernetes cluster - Understand extension interfaces (CNI, CSI, CRI, etc.) - Manage the lifecycle of Kubernetes clusters - Implement and configure a highly-available control plane - Manage role based access control (RBAC) - Use Helm and Kustomize to install cluster components - Understand CRDs, install and configure operators |
| Troubleshooting | 30% | - Evaluate cluster and node logging - Understand how to monitor applications - Troubleshoot application failure - Troubleshoot networking - Troubleshoot cluster component failure - Manage container stdout & stderr logs |
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NEW QUESTION # 74
You are running a Kubernetes cluster with a large number of deployments and services. You need to improve the performance and efficiency of DNS resolution, especially during peak traffic periods.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Increase CoreDNS Resources:
- Allocate more CPU, memory, and storage resources to the CoreDNS Deployment to handle increased DNS traffic.
2. Configure CoreDNS for Efficient Caching: - Use CoreDNS's 'cache' plugin to store DNS records in memory and reduce the need for frequent DNS queries.
3. Use a Distributed DNS Server: - If you have a very large cluster with high traffic, consider using a distributed DNS server like etcd or Consul. This can help to improve performance and scalability. 4. Use DNS over TLS (DOT) or DNS over HTTPS (DoH): - Enable secure DNS communication to reduce the risk of DNS poisoning attacks, which can significantly impact performance.
5. Monitor CoreDNS Performance: - Use metrics and logs to monitor CoreDNS performance and identify potential bottlenecks. This will help you adjust your configuration and resource allocation as needed. ]
NEW QUESTION # 75
Check the history of deployment
Answer:
Explanation:
kubectl rollout history deployment webapp
NEW QUESTION # 76
Get IP address of the pod - "nginx-dev"
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 77
Score:7%
Task
Create a new PersistentVolumeClaim
* Name: pv-volume
* Class: csi-hostpath-sc
* Capacity: 10Mi
Create a new Pod which mounts the PersistentVolumeClaim as a volume:
* Name: web-server
* Image: nginx
* Mount path: /usr/share/nginx/html
Configure the new Pod to have ReadWriteOnce access on the volume.
Finally, using kubectl edit or kubectl patch expand the PersistentVolumeClaim to a capacity of 70Mi and record that change.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
vi pvc.yaml
storageclass pvc
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: pv-volume
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
volumeMode: Filesystem
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Mi
storageClassName: csi-hostpath-sc
# vi pod-pvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: web-server
spec:
containers:
- name: web-server
image: nginx
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: "/usr/share/nginx/html"
name: my-volume
volumes:
- name: my-volume
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: pv-volume
# craete
kubectl create -f pod-pvc.yaml
#edit
kubectl edit pvc pv-volume --record
NEW QUESTION # 78
You have a Deployment named 'web-app-deployment' that uses a service named 'web-app- service' to expose the web application on port 80. You want to update the Deployment to use a new image named 'web-app:v2.0' and update the service to expose a new port, 8080. How would you perform this update using Kubernetes commands?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Update the Deployment:
- Update the Deployment YAML to use the new image 'web-app:v2.0'.
- Use 'kubectl apply -f web-app-deployment.yaml' to apply the updated Deployment.
- Example YAML:
2. Update the Service: - Update the Service YAML to expose the new port 8080. - Use 'kubectl apply -f web-app-service.yaml' to apply the updated Service. - Example YAML:
3. Verify the Update: - Use 'kubectl get deployments web-app-deployment' to verify that the Deployment has updated to use the new image. - Use 'kubectl get services web-app-service' to verify that the Service has updated to expose the new port. - You can then access the web application using the new port through your Kubernetes cluster's IP address or through a NodePort if that's your service type. - If you're using Ingress, you'll need to update your Ingress resource as well to match the new port. ,
NEW QUESTION # 79
......
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