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ISQI CTFL_Syll_4.0 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Topic 1: Tool Support for Testing	0%	- Benefits and Risks of Test Automation 1. Automated and manual testing trade-offs 2. Tool selection and adoption - Tools Support 1. Test harness and unit test framework tools 2. Test design and test implementation tools 3. Test planning and control tools 4. Performance measurement and dynamic analysis tools 5. Test execution tools
Topic 2: Static Testing	15%	- Review Process 1. Review phases 2. Review types and their characteristics 3. Success factors for reviews 4. Roles and responsibilities in reviews - Static Testing Basics 1. Value of static testing 2. Static testing and the test process
Topic 3: Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle	20%	- Software Development Lifecycle Models 1. Sequential development models 2. Agile and DevOps approaches 3. Iterative and incremental development models - Test Types 1. Black-box testing 2. Non-functional testing 3. Functional testing 4. Confirmation testing and regression testing - Test Levels 1. Acceptance testing 2. Component testing 3. System testing 4. Integration testing - Maintenance Testing 1. Triggers for maintenance 2. Impact analysis 3. Types of maintenance testing
Topic 4: Fundamentals of Testing	20%	- Why is Testing Necessary? 1. Errors, defects, and failures 2. Defects, root causes, and consequences 3. Quality assurance and testing 4. Testing's contribution to success - The Psychology of Testing 1. Cognitive biases 2. Human psychology and testing 3. Tester mindset and developer's mindset - What is Testing? 1. Typical testing objectives 2. Testing and debugging - Test Process 1. Traceability between the test basis and test items 2. Test activities and tasks 3. Test work products 4. Testing as a process
Topic 5: Managing the Test Activities	25%	- Defect Management 1. Defect report fields 2. Defect lifecycle 3. Defect reporting tools - Test Monitoring and Control 1. Test reporting 2. Metrics used in test monitoring and control - Risk-Based Testing 1. Risk assessment 2. Risk identification 3. Risk mitigation - Test Planning 1. Test estimation techniques 2. Entry criteria and exit criteria 3. Purpose and content of a test plan - Configuration Management 1. Configuration management activities
Topic 6: Test Analysis and Design	20%	- Test Techniques 1. Statement testing and decision testing 2. Path testing 3. Boundary value analysis 4. Decision table testing 5. Equivalence partitioning 6. State transition testing - Experience-Based Test Techniques 1. Error guessing 2. Exploratory testing 3. Checklist-based testing - Characteristics of Good Tests 1. Test case design principles 2. Coverage and efficiency

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ISQI ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 CTFL_Syll_4.0 Prüfungsfragen mit Lösungen (Q343-Q348):

343. Frage
The following diagram displays the logical dependencies between requirements and the individual requirement priorities. For example, "R2->R3" means that R3 is dependent on R2. Priority is indicated by the number next to the letter "P" i.e. P1 has a higher priority than P2.

Which one of the following options best describes the test execution sequence using both requirement dependency and priority

A. R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8.
B. . R2, R1,R3,R7,R6,R5,R4,R8.
C. R2. R1, R3. R4. R5, R6. R7, R8.
D. R2, R4. R8, R5, R1, R6, R3, R7.

Antwort: B

Begründung:
The correct test execution sequence should consider both the dependencies between the requirements and their priorities. According to the diagram, the sequence begins with R2 (P1) as it is a prerequisite for R3 (P4). Then R1 (P3) can be tested. R3 follows as it depends on R2. Next, R7 (P4) should be tested before R6 (P3) and R5 (P2), as indicated by their dependencies.
Finally, R4 (P1) and R8 (P1) can be tested. Therefore, the best sequence is R2, R1, R3, R7, R6, R5, R4, R8.

344. Frage
Which ONE of the following options BEST describes Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)?

A. Expresses the desired behavior of an application with test cases written in a simple form of natural language that is easy to understand by stakeholders-usually using the Given/When/Then format. Test cases are then automatically translated into executable tests.
B. Defines test cases at a low level, close to the implementation, using unit test frameworks.
C. Requires testing to be performed after development is completed to validate software functionality.
D. Is primarily focused on non-functional testing techniques to ensure system reliability and performance.

Antwort: A

Begründung:
BDD emphasizes collaboration between developers, testers, and business stakeholders to define system behavior in a readable format (A). It typically uses theGiven-When-Thensyntax. Unlike unit testing (B), BDD is at a higher level of abstraction. It does not focus solely on non-functional testing (C) and encourages early testing rather than post-development validation (D).
Reference:ISTQB CTFL v4.0 Syllabus, Section 2.1.5 - Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)

345. Frage
A calculator software is used to calculate the result for 5+6.
The user noticed that the result given is 6.
This is an example of;

A. Fault
B. Mistake
C. Error
D. Failure

Antwort: D

Begründung:
According to the ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 4.0, 2018, page 18, a failure is "an event in which a component or system does not perform a required function within specified limits". In this case, the calculator software does not perform the required function of calculating the correct result for 5+6 within the specified limits of accuracy and precision. Therefore, this is an example of a failure.
The other options are incorrect because:
A mistake is "a human action that produces an incorrect result" (page 25). A mistake is not an event, but an action, and it may or may not lead to a failure. For example, a mistake could be a typo in the code, a wrong assumption in the design, or a misunderstanding of the requirement.
A fault is "a defect in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail to perform its required function" (page 16). A fault is not an event, but a defect, and it may or may not cause a failure. For example, a fault could be a logical error in the code, a missing specification in the design, or a contradiction in the requirement.
An error is "the difference between a computed, observed, or measured value or condition and the true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition" (page 15). An error is not an event, but a difference, and it may or may not result in a failure. For example, an error could be a rounding error in the calculation, a measurement error in the observation, or a deviation error in the condition.
Reference = ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 4.0, 2018, pages 15-18, 25; ISTQB CTFL 4.0 - Sample Exam - Answers, Version 1.1, 2023, Question 96, page 34.

346. Frage
Which of the following statements about traceability is false?

A. Traceability between test basis items and thetest casesdesigned tocover them,enablesexperience-based test techniques to be applied
B. Traceability between test basis items and thetest casesdesigned tocover them,enablesidentification of which test cases will be affected by changes to the test basisitems
C. Traceability between test basis items and thetest casesdesigned tocover them,makes it possible to determine which test basis items have been covered by the executedtest cases
D. Traceability can be established and maintained throughall test documentation for a giventest level, such as from test conditions through test cases to test scripts

Antwort: A

Begründung:
Traceability is an essential aspect of software testing that ensures each test case can be traced back to its corresponding test basis items, such as requirements, design documents, or user stories. This linkage helps in determining which test basis items have been covered by executed test cases, identifying the impact of changes, and maintaining overall test documentation. However, the statement that traceability enables experience-based test techniques to be applied is false, as experience-based test techniques, such as exploratory testing, rely on the tester's skills and experience rather than documented traceability.
References:
* ISTQB CTFL Syllabus 4.0, Chapter 1.4.4, page 19: Importance of Traceability

347. Frage
A requirement specifies that a certain identifier (ID) must be between 5 and 10 characters long, must contain only alphanumeric characters, and its first character must be a letter. As a tester, you want to apply one- dimensional equivalence partitioning to test this ID. This means that you have to apply equivalence partitioning individually: to the length of the ID, the type of characters contained within the ID, and the type of the first character of the ID.
What is the number of partitions to cover?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

Antwort: B

Begründung:
To determine the number of partitions using one-dimensional equivalence partitioning, we need to consider each aspect of the ID requirement individually.
* Length of the ID:
* Valid partitions: 5 to 10 characters (1 partition)
* Invalid partitions: Less than 5 characters, more than 10 characters (2 partitions)
* Type of characters:
* Valid partitions: Alphanumeric characters (1 partition)
* Invalid partitions: Non-alphanumeric characters (1 partition)
* Type of first character:
* Valid partitions: First character is a letter (1 partition)
* Invalid partitions: First character is not a letter (1 partition)
Adding these together, we have a total of 1 (valid length) + 2 (invalid lengths) + 1 (valid type) + 1 (invalid type) + 1 (valid first character) + 1 (invalid first character) = 7 partitions.
Reference:
ISTQB CTFL Syllabus, section on equivalence partitioning and test design techniques.

348. Frage
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