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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Assessment | 39–43% | - General patient impression and priority determination - Airway, breathing, and circulation management - Initial patient assessment - Identification and management of life-threatening conditions |
| Scene Size-Up and Safety | 15–19% | - Hazard recognition and management - Scene assessment and safety protocols - Mechanism of injury / nature of illness |
| Secondary Assessment | 5–9% | - Focused history and physical exam - Vital signs and monitoring - Symptom assessment and history taking |
| Patient Treatment and Transport | 20–24% | - Medication administration and protocols - Medical and trauma care interventions - Patient packaging and transport procedures - Communication with receiving facilities |
| EMS Operations | 10–14% | - Emergency vehicle operations and safety - Documentation and legal aspects - Incident command and multiple-casualty situations - EMS system roles and responsibilities |
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NEW QUESTION # 139
A patient has heart failure with pulmonary edema. They have shortness of breath, and crackles are present in both lungs. The patient is nauseated and has vomited once. The vital signs are BP 90/40, P 110, R 10, and SpO# 89% on room air. Which of the following signs or symptoms prevent the EMT from using CPAP?
Select the three correct options.
Answer: B,C,D
Explanation:
Contraindications to CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) include:
* Hypotension: CPAP can reduce preload and worsen shock (BP < 90 systolic is a contraindication)
* Respiratory rate too low: A rate of 10 is at the low threshold; CPAP requires spontaneous adequate effort
* Active vomiting or nausea: CPAP increases aspiration risk
Crackles and hypoxia are indications, not contraindications, for CPAP. Pulse rate does not influence CPAP use directly.
References:
NREMT Airway Management and Cardiovascular Guidelines
National EMS Education Standards - Respiratory Failure and CPAP
AHA ACLS Provider Manual - Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema Management
NEW QUESTION # 140
When treating a patient suspected of having tuberculosis, you should
Answer: A
Explanation:
For suspected or confirmed tuberculosis (TB), the EMT should place a surgical mask on the patient, not a HEPA respirator. Surgical masks are used to contain droplets from the patient and reduce airborne transmission.
The EMT should wear a N95 or HEPA respirator to protect against inhaling airborne particles. Notification to the CDC is not the EMT's responsibility - that falls to public health officials.
References:
CDC Guidelines for TB Exposure in Prehospital Settings
NREMT Infectious Disease Control Protocols
National EMS Education Standards - Airborne Pathogens and PPE Use
NEW QUESTION # 141
A 44-year-old patient with diabetes feels weak and dizzy. The EMT provides oral glucose and transports the patient to the hospital, where the patient recovers. The EMT tells their partner they did not provide the patient with a blanket because they felt the patient was wasting their time. What best describes the action the EMT took?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Negligenceoccurs when an EMT:
* Has aduty to act
* Breaches that duty(e.g., by withholding basic care like warmth)
* Causesharm or risk of harm
* Establishescausation
The EMT's failure to treat the patient with respect and dignity - even if the patient improved - still constitutesnegligence, especially if tied to a discriminatory or dismissive attitude.
References:
NREMT Ethics & Legal Guidelines - Duty and Negligence
National EMS Education Standards - Professional Conduct
Brady Emergency Care (13th ed.), Chapter: Legal and Ethical Responsibilities
NEW QUESTION # 142
The crew is requested to respond by law enforcement to a riot scene in a large downtown area. Upon arrival, the EMT notices the police are in full riot gear, with multiple persons lying on the ground under arrest. There is a strong odor of chemicals in the air. What actions should the EMT prioritize during the scene survey?
Select the two answer options that are correct.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Based on NREMT standards):
This scenario strongly suggests a hazardous environment involving chemical crowd-control agents such as tear gas or pepper spray. During the scene survey, NREMT prioritizes scene safety, hazard recognition, and incident size-up before any patient contact.
Option D (Determine the control agent being used) is correct because identifying the chemical agent helps determine the level of risk, appropriate personal protective equipment, and whether EMS can safely operate in the area.
Option E (Identify the number of patients) is correct because determining the number of patients is essential for assessing the scope of the incident and requesting additional resources if needed.
Option A is incorrect because removing restraints is not part of the initial scene survey and must be coordinated with law enforcement.
Option B is incorrect because patient decontamination occurs only after scene safety is ensured.
Option C is not a priority until hazards are identified and the scene is safe.
NREMT teaches that EMTs must never compromise their own safety and must fully assess hazards before providing care.
NEW QUESTION # 143
A 3-year-old patient has a nontraumatic nosebleed. Which of the following actions should the EMT perform?
Select the two answer options that are correct.
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
The correct answers are A and B because standard EMT care for epistaxis (nosebleed) includes having the patient lean forward and applying direct pressure by pinching the nostrils .
Leaning forward prevents blood from draining into the airway or stomach, reducing the risk of aspiration or vomiting. Pinching the nostrils provides direct pressure to control bleeding , which is the primary intervention emphasized in NREMT-aligned bleeding control guidelines.
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NEW QUESTION # 144
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