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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies |
| Topic 2: Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance - Client education, communication techniques - Practice management, team collaboration |
| Topic 3: Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis - Sample collection, handling and processing |
| Topic 4: Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Image quality assessment and documentation - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique |
| Topic 5: Dentistry | 7% | - Periodontal care and patient education - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography - Dental anatomy, disease recognition |
| Topic 6: Anesthesia | 13% | - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation - Recovery and emergency management |
| Topic 7: Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Multimodal analgesia protocols - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control |
| Topic 8: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Controlled substance management - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents |
| Topic 9: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Infection control, sanitation, isolation - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy - Physical examination, patient assessment - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients |
| Topic 10: Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Intraoperative and postoperative care |
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NEW QUESTION # 719
What dietary supplement is often administered to promote joint health?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Glucosamine is a nutraceutical, often given in conjunction with chondroitin, promoting cartilage formation and maintenance. This reportedly provides support for joint mobility.
Potassium, an electrolyte, promotes acid-base regulation, nerve transmission, and metabolic reactions. Taurine is an essential amino acid for a cat's diet. Lysine is an amino acid that may suppress feline herpesvirus infections, though studies are equivocal.
NEW QUESTION # 720
What are the appropriate temperature and pressure ranges for a gravity air-displacement sterilizer?
Answer: D
Explanation:
You will often find gravity air-displacement sterilization units as the table-top autoclave in most small animal facilities. Heated distilled water turns to steam, which forces air out of a port. The pressure builds with the air release, and the steam builds until it reaches the desired temperature and pressure, 250-270 °F (121-132 °C) and 15-27 PSI. Once finished, all the steam will convert back into water. This temperature range will destroy most organisms, with manufacturers recommending about five minutes over the standard time labeled for the unit to ensure adequate organism kill rates.
Generally, most units take 15 minutes to reach the appropriate temperature/pressure. Units will take three to 15 minutes to sterilize the contents inside fully. However, longer may be needed for large packs or items and may be beneficial to ensure adequate microbial kill time. Most units can be either manually or automatically vented. A minimum of 15 minutes should be expected to permit venting and release sufficient moisture, preventing condensation on the packs. Newer or more expensive models may have a drying cycle to avoid condensation accumulation.
NEW QUESTION # 721
You are performing a dental cleaning and prophy. When using a curette in a pocket, what angulation of the face of the instrument should you use?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Angulation refers to the instrument's face-to-tooth relationship. When placing the curette into a pocket, you want the angulation of that face to be close to zero. This puts the instrument's face parallel to the tooth root's surface, while putting the back of the blade against the soft tissue of the tooth's pocket.
Suppose the calculus is at the bottom of the pocket below the targeted calculus piece. In that case, one will open the angle and root planning at an angle of 45 to 90 degrees (most commonly really between 60 and 80 degrees).
Too closed of an angle causes burnishing or smoothing of the calculus into the surface, rather than allowing for easy removal.
Too open of an angle will place the non-cutting edge sharply against the pocket lining when using a curette.
NEW QUESTION # 722
What is the preferred method for sterilizing arthroscopic and laparoscopic equipment, and what is the alternative?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Specialized equipment, like arthroscopes and laparoscopes, requires careful maintenance and care when handling and is very costly to replace. Proper sterilization remains paramount to maintain the patient's safety and ensure the equipment remains in working order. Gas sterilization supersedes that of other methods, though cold sterilization does have the advantage of permitting more than one use per day.
Remember that the scopes, the cameras, and fibreoptic light cables should never be steam sterilized but can be gas or cold sterilized. The cannulas and hand instruments associated with this type of equipment can be sterilized via steam, gas, or cold sterilization.
NEW QUESTION # 723
When monitoring a patient under anesthesia, we can use vital signs to help gauge anesthetic depth. Which of the following would represent a patient that is too light?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Patients who are too light:
*Heart rate: Generally elevated
*RR: Generally elevated
*Pulses: Strong
*MM/CRT: Normal
Patients who are on an appropriate surgical plane:
*Heart rate: Variable
*RR: Variable
*Pulses: Palpable, though less readily apparent
*MM/CRT: Normal to slightly paler with normal CRT
Patients who are too deep:
*Heart rate: Often decreased
*RR: Often decreased
*Pulses: Weak, unpalpable
*MM/CRT: Pale/delayed
NEW QUESTION # 724
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