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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| System Hacking | 8% | - Maintaining Access - Clearing Tracks & Logs - Privilege Escalation - Gaining Access: Password Attacks |
| Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Mobile Device Security - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities - Mobile Attack Vectors |
| Enumeration | 7% | - AI-Driven Enumeration - Enumeration Concepts - Enumeration Countermeasures - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration |
| Sniffing | 5% | - Packet Sniffing Concepts - Sniffing Countermeasures - MITM Attacks - Sniffing Tools & Techniques |
| Cryptography | 5% | - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms - Cryptography in Practice - Public Key Infrastructure - Cryptanalysis & Attacks |
| Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK - Ethical Hacking Methodology - Information Security Concepts - Legal and Ethical Compliance |
| Wireless Networks | 5% | - Security Best Practices - Wireless Hacking Tools - Wireless Threats & Attacks - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 |
| Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle - Vulnerability Research & Databases - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Scanning & Analysis Tools |
| Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - API Security Risks - Web Security Countermeasures - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - SQL Injection & Command Injection - Web Server Vulnerabilities |
| Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - OSINT Techniques - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - Reconnaissance Concepts - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping |
| Social Engineering | 6% | - Countermeasures & Awareness - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting - Social Engineering Concepts - Identity Theft |
| IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Security Controls - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks |
| Scanning Networks | 8% | - Network Scanning Basics - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall - Scanning Countermeasures - AI-Assisted Scanning - Service & OS Fingerprinting - Host & Port Discovery |
| Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - Evasion Techniques - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies - Honeypot Concepts & Detection |
| Session Hijacking | 4% | - Application & Network Level Hijacking - Session Hijacking Concepts - Countermeasures - Hijacking Techniques |
| Malware Threats | 7% | - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - APT & Fileless Malware - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms - AI-Powered Malware |
| Cloud Computing | 5% | - Cloud Security Best Practices - Cloud Security Risks - Cloud Models & Services - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks |
| Denial-of-Service | 4% | - Attack Techniques & Botnets - DoS & DDoS Concepts - Defense Mechanisms - DDoS Tools |
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NEW QUESTION # 398
ViruXine.W32 virus hides their presence by changing the underlying executable code.
This Virus code mutates while keeping the original algorithm intact, the code changes itself each time it runs, but the function of the code (its semantics) will not change at all.
Here is a section of the Virus code:
What is this technique called?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 399
During a security compliance audit at Nexus Tech Solutions in Boston, Massachusetts, the ethical hacking team launches a controlled social engineering exercise to assess help desk vulnerabilities. Ethical hacker Rachel Kim calls the company's help desk, posing as a stressed employee named Laura Bennett from the marketing department. Rachel claims her laptop is running slowly and offers to share her login credentials if the help desk can provide a quick fix to meet a tight project deadline. The call is designed to test whether help desk staff follow proper verification protocols or fall for the offer of credentials in exchange for assistance.
What social engineering technique is Rachel employing in this exercise?
Answer: C
Explanation:
This scenario best illustrates impersonation. In CEH-aligned social engineering concepts, impersonation occurs when an attacker assumes the identity of a legitimate person, such as an employee, contractor, executive, or vendor, to exploit trust and bypass established procedures. Rachel explicitly "poses as a stressed employee named Laura Bennett" and uses a believable workplace pretext such as a slow laptop and a tight deadline. This is a classic pressure-and-urgency tactic used to lower skepticism and push the target into breaking policy, such as skipping identity verification or accepting unsafe troubleshooting steps.
Although the interaction happens over the phone, the defining technique being tested is not merely the communication channel but the identity deception. Vishing is phone-based phishing, and while the call could be described as vishing in a broad sense, the prompt emphasizes the assumed identity and the help desk's verification controls, which is the hallmark of impersonation. Quid pro quo typically involves offering a benefit or service in exchange for information; here, the core mechanic is Rachel's false identity and her attempt to get the help desk to accept credential sharing as part of support. Shoulder surfing is unrelated because it involves physically observing someone's screen or keystrokes.
CEH best practices to mitigate impersonation include strict caller verification, callback procedures to known numbers, ticket validation, prohibiting password sharing, requiring multi-factor authentication resets via approved workflows, and training help desk staff to recognize urgency-based manipulation and escalate suspicious requests.
NEW QUESTION # 400
Liam acts as a cybersecurity analyst at Vanguard Security Group in Chicago, Illinois. In a simulated threat exercise designed to assess endpoint protection, he introduces a concealed payload onto a standard employee workstation.
Following execution, the system appears to run normal software without interruption, but closer examination shows alterations to executables, with segments of foreign code inserted to redirect normal operations subtly.
This allows the payload to blend with everyday processes while leveraging existing user-space interface calls for sustained activity.
What type of rootkit best describes the mechanism deployed in this scenario?
Answer: B
Explanation:
User-Mode Rootkit is correct because the manipulation occurs within normal user-space executables and application interfaces rather than inside the operating-system kernel or beneath the OS. List A explicitly distinguishes user-mode rootkits as operating within applications or user-space processes, whereas kernel- level rootkits modify or replace kernel code. Hypervisor-level rootkits operate beneath the guest operating system, and boot-loader rootkits manipulate early startup components such as the bootloader or MBR. The scenario ' s clues-altered executables, injected code segments, and reuse of normal interface calls-fit user- mode interception and hooking techniques. EC-Council ' s CEH System Hacking module explicitly includes rootkits, keyloggers, spyware, executing applications, maintaining persistence, and post-exploitation techniques.
NEW QUESTION # 401
In a high-precision automotive manufacturing plant in Germany, engineers were redesigning quality-control and safety systems for autonomous robotic assembly lines. They deployed processing units directly on or immediately adjacent to production machinery so that vision sensors and motion controllers could analyze defects and trigger emergency stops within milliseconds. Although aggregated production data was periodically synchronized to a central analytics platform, critical real-time decisions occurred locally without depending on upstream systems.
Other teams experimented with event-triggered code that required no server management, intermediate processing layers, and centralized cloud platforms.
Which computing model best describes the primary approach used for the real-time control systems?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Edge computing places computation directly on, or very close to, the devices and data sources producing the information. Here, vision and motion data are processed beside the manufacturing equipment, allowing safety decisions to occur within milliseconds without a round trip to a central platform. That makes option C correct.
Cloud computing centralizes scalable processing and storage in provider or enterprise data centers. It remains useful for aggregated analytics but does not describe the local, latency-sensitive decision path. Serverless computing is an execution and billing model in which provider-managed functions run in response to events; it does not inherently specify that computation occurs beside the machinery. Fog computing distributes services between the cloud and edge through intermediate gateways or regional nodes. The scenario explicitly places processing on or immediately adjacent to the production equipment, which is more precisely edge computing.
This model is particularly important in IoT and operational-technology environments where safety, availability, bandwidth, and deterministic response times prevent exclusive reliance on remote cloud services.
Security controls must cover the edge nodes themselves, including secure boot, signed updates, device authentication, segmentation, and physical protection. NIST describes edge computing as collecting and processing data locally or in a nearby edge data center to improve performance, supporting this classification in its edge-computing publication .
NEW QUESTION # 402
You are an ethical hacker at RedOak Cyber Solutions, contracted to perform a penetration test for MetroHealth Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio. While assessing the hospital's appointment booking portal, you craft and submit multiple malicious inputs into the patient search field. One of your payloads successfully manipulates the backend query, returning additional appointment data that was not intended to be displayed.
Based on the observed behavior, which step of the SQL injection methodology are you performing?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. Launching SQL Injection Attacks because the scenario describes moving beyond merely locating inputs or detecting error behavior and into actively sending injection payloads that successfully alter query logic and change returned results. In a typical CEH-aligned SQL injection workflow, testers begin by identifying where user-controlled input enters the application (forms, URL parameters, cookies, headers), then perform basic tests to detect whether inputs affect backend SQL processing. Once a suspected injection point is found, the next step is to launch SQL injection attempts using crafted inputs designed to manipulate the query and demonstrate impact.
In this case, you "craft and submit multiple malicious inputs," and one payload "successfully manipulates the backend query," causing the application to return "additional appointment data that was not intended to be displayed." That outcome is a clear indicator that exploitation is underway: the injection is not hypothetical- it is functioning and changing the application's behavior in a way that reveals unauthorized data. This is characteristic of executing an SQL injection attack (in-band exploitation), such as using boolean logic manipulation (e.g., conditions that expand result sets) or other query-altering techniques. The emphasis is on the successful manipulation and unauthorized data exposure, which aligns with the attack execution phase.
Why the other options are less correct: Identifying Data Entry Paths would be earlier, when you locate the patient search field as a candidate parameter. Information Gathering and Vulnerability Detection generally refers to discovering and confirming the presence of weaknesses (often via initial probes, errors, or abnormal responses) rather than a confirmed payload that already returns unauthorized data. Database Enumeration is typically the follow-on step once exploitation is confirmed, where the tester extracts metadata such as database names, tables, columns, users, and versions. Here, you are demonstrating the injection's ability to retrieve extra records, which is the exploitation/attack-launch stage, not full enumeration yet.
Therefore, the step being performed is Launching SQL Injection Attacks.
NEW QUESTION # 403
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