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CWNP CWNA-109 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
IEEE 802.11 Regulations and Standards15%- IEEE 802.11 Standards
  • 1. 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) overview
  • 2. 802.11-2020 and amendments (a/b/g/n/ac/ax)
  • 3. Channel bonding and widths
- Regulatory Bodies and Domains
  • 1. FCC, ETSI, IC, and others
  • 2. Frequency bands and channels
Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies15%- RF Fundamentals
  • 1. Signal strength and loss (attenuation)
  • 2. Wavelength, frequency, and amplitude
  • 3. RF behaviors: absorption, reflection, refraction, diffraction, scattering
- Antenna Concepts
  • 1. Polarization
  • 2. Antenna types and usage
  • 3. Antenna gain and patterns
- RF Mathematics
  • 1. dB, dBi, dBd, dBm
  • 2. Inverse Square Law
  • 3. Link budget calculations
IEEE 802.11 Network Operations15%- Troubleshooting
  • 1. Protocol analysis
  • 2. Spectrum analysis
  • 3. Common connectivity issues
- Performance Optimization
  • 1. QoS (WMM)
  • 2. Roaming (802.11r/k/v)
  • 3. Channel management
IEEE 802.11 Network Implementation20%- Power over Ethernet (PoE)
  • 1. 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt
- Deployment Models
  • 1. Autonomous APs
  • 2. Cloud-based and Controller-based
  • 3. Distributed and Centralized architectures
- Site Survey and Design
  • 1. Predictive and Passive site surveys
  • 2. AP placement and density
  • 3. Active site surveys
IEEE 802.11 Protocols and Devices20%- WLAN Architecture
  • 1. Distribution System (DS)
  • 2. Stations (STA), Access Points (AP)
  • 3. Basic Service Set (BSS)
  • 4. Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)
  • 5. Extended Service Set (ESS)
- CSMA/CA
  • 1. DCF and EDCA
  • 2. RTS/CTS
- 802.11 Frame Types
  • 1. Frame exchange processes
  • 2. Management, Control, and Data frames
IEEE 802.11 Network Security15%- Security Basics
  • 1. Authentication and Association
  • 2. WPA2 and WPA3
  • 3. Legacy security (WEP, WPA)
- Encryption and Authentication
  • 1. CCMP, GCMP
  • 2. 802.1X/EAP
  • 3. OWE and SAE

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CWNP Wireless Network Administrator (CWNA) Sample Questions (Q132-Q137):

NEW QUESTION # 132
An RF signal sometimes bends as it passes through some material other than free space. What is the term that describes this behavior?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Refraction is the bending of an RF signal as it passes through a medium with a different density than free space. This can cause the signal to change its direction and speed, which can affect the accuracy and reliability of wireless communication. Refraction is influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure.


NEW QUESTION # 133
In an 802.11 2.4 GHz system, what 22 MHz channels are considered non-overlapping?

Answer: C

Explanation:
In the 2.4 GHz frequency band used for 802.11 wireless networks, the channel bandwidth is typically 20 MHz, but the actual frequency spread of each channel is about 22 MHz due to the modulation techniques used. This spread causes overlap between adjacent channels, which can lead to interference and degrade network performance. To avoid this, it's essential to use non-overlapping channels.
The three non-overlapping channels in the 2.4 GHz band are 1, 6, and 11. Each of these channels is spaced sufficiently apart to avoid interference with each other:
* Channel 1: Centered at 2.412 GHz.
* Channel 6: Centered at 2.437 GHz.
* Channel 11: Centered at 2.462 GHz.
Given the options provided, option C (1 and 5) is the closest to a pair of non-overlapping channels, although in practice, channel 5 would still cause some interference with channel 1 due to the 22 MHz spread. The ideal choice for non-overlapping channels would be any two channels among 1, 6, and 11, but this is not an option provided. Therefore, within the given options, 1 and 5 are the best choice, understanding that in a real-world scenario, 1 and 6 or 6 and 11 would be preferred to avoid overlap.
References:
CWNA Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: Exam CWNA-109, by David D.
Coleman and David A. Westcott.
Understanding 2.4 GHz channel arrangement and interference patterns in 802.11 wireless networks.


NEW QUESTION # 134
What term describes the ratio between the desired signal strength and the level of background RF noise present at a receiver?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is the difference, expressed in dB, between the strength of the desired received signal and the level of background RF noise, or noise floor, at the receiver. A higher SNR value generally indicates better signal quality and allows for higher data rates and more reliable communication. A low SNR, even with a strong received signal, can still result in poor performance if the noise floor is also elevated, such as in an RF-noisy environment.


NEW QUESTION # 135
You are troubleshooting a client problem with a 2.4 GHz WLAN connection. The client is experiencing surprisingly low data rates during the work day. You analyze the workspace outside of business hours and detect a strong signal with a typical noise floor at the client location. During working hours, the user works with a laptop in the area and uses an external USB hard drive for continuous data access. The user also states that the laptop works as expected on her home network. The user working approximately 8 feet away from this client experiences no problems.
Based on this information, what is the likely cause of the problem?

Answer: D

Explanation:
The likely cause of the problem is that the external hard drive is USB 3.0 and is causing a significant increase in the noise floor when in use. USB 3.0 devices are known to generate radio frequency interference (RFI) in the 2.4 GHz band due to their high data transfer rates and harmonics. This RFI can increase the noise floor and degrade the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of WLAN devices operating in the same band. This can result in lower data rates, reduced throughput, increased retransmissions, and poor performance. The problem may not occur outside of business hours or on the user's home network because of different usage patterns or environmental factors.


NEW QUESTION # 136
What term describes the bending of an RF signal as it passes from one medium into another medium of different density?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Refraction is the bending of an RF wave as it travels from one medium into a medium with a different density, such as when a signal passes through layers of the atmosphere with different temperatures and humidity levels. This bending occurs because the speed of the wave changes as it enters the new medium. Refraction can cause the signal path to curve, which is especially relevant in long-distance outdoor bridge links where atmospheric conditions can affect the predicted line-of-sight path.


NEW QUESTION # 137
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