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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Network Design and Troubleshooting | - Enterprise network design
|
| BGP and Internet Routing | - Advanced BGP features
|
| MPLS and VPN Technologies | - MPLS fundamentals
|
| Advanced Routing Protocols | - IS-IS Routing Protocol
|
| IPv6 and Network Services | - IPv6 routing technologies
|
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NEW QUESTION # 164
On the OSPF network shown in the figure:
* Area 1 is a common area .
* Area 2 is a totally NSSA (Not-So-Stubby Area) .
* Area 3 is an NSSA .
* R5 imports the external route 10.0.5.5/32 into OSPF .
Which of the following routers have the route 10.0.5.5/32 in their routing tables?
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Understanding OSPF Areas and Route Propagation in the Network:
* OSPF Area Types in the Question:
* Area 0 (Backbone Area) : Connects all areas and distributes routing information.
* Area 1 (Standard Area) : Regular OSPF area that can receive and forward external routes.
* Area 2 (Totally NSSA - Totally Not-So-Stubby Area) :
* Does not allow external routes except for a default route injected by the ABR.
* Area 3 (NSSA - Not-So-Stubby Area) :
* Allows external routes as Type 7 LSAs but does not accept Type 5 LSAs.
* How External Routes Are Advertised in This Scenario:
* R5 (in Area 3) imports 10.0.5.5/32 as an external route into OSPF.
* Since Area 3 is an NSSA , the external route is advertised as a Type 7 LSA (not Type 5).
* The ABR (R1) converts the Type 7 LSA into a Type 5 LSA and advertises it into Area 0.
* Once in Area 0 , this Type 5 LSA can be distributed to other areas except totally stubby or totally NSSA areas .
Route Distribution Analysis:
* R5 (Area 3) # R1 (Area 0, ABR) :
* R5 generates a Type 7 LSA for 10.0.5.5/32 .
* R1 (ABR) converts this Type 7 LSA into a Type 5 LSA and injects it into Area 0 .
* R2 (Area 0) # R3 (Area 0) :
* Since Area 0 allows external Type 5 LSAs , R2 and R3 receive 10.0.5.5/32 . # R2 and R3 have the route.
* R6 (Area 1) # Connected to Area 0 :
* Area 1 is a common area , meaning it can receive external Type 5 LSAs. # R6 has the route.
* R4 (Area 2 - Totally NSSA) :
* Totally NSSA areas do NOT accept Type 5 or Type 7 LSAs .
* Instead, they receive only a default route from the ABR (R3).
* Since R4 does not receive external routes explicitly, it does NOT have 10.0.5.5/32 . # R4 does NOT have the route.
Final Conclusion:
* # R2, R3, and R6 have the route 10.0.5.5/32 .
* # R4 does not have the route because Area 2 is a Totally NSSA and only gets a default route .
Thus, the correct answer is:
# R2, R3, and R6 have the route 10.0.5.5/32 in their routing tables.
Reference:
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0 - OSPF Route Types and Area Behavior Huawei Official HCIP-Datacom Study Guide - OSPF LSA Types and Route Filtering in NSSA & Totally NSSA Areas Huawei Documentation on Type 7 to Type 5 LSA Conversion in NSSA Areas
NEW QUESTION # 165
Regarding multi-instance CE (Mlulti-VPN-Instance CE, MCE), which of the following description is wrong?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 166
In the figure, the company wants to ensure secure communication between the headquarters and branch , and isolate the R & D areas from non-R & D areas , without changing the current network deployment.
To meet this requirement, an administrator deploys BGP/MPLS IP VPN on the network .
Which of the following statements are true?
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
To verify the correct answers, let ' s analyze how BGP/MPLS IP VPN is used for secure communication and isolation in an enterprise network.
1. Understanding BGP/MPLS IP VPN Concepts
MPLS VPN (Multiprotocol Label Switching Virtual Private Network) is used to:
* Allow communication between specific sites by using Route Targets (RTs) .
* Ensure isolation of specific areas (e.g., R & D vs. non-R & D) by controlling RT import/export policies .
* Utilize Route Distinguisher (RD) to make overlapping IP addresses unique within the VPN.
2. Analyzing the Answer Choices
# A. " To enable communication between the headquarters and branch R & D areas, both the ERT and IRT of VPN1 and VPN2 can be set to 100:100. " # TRUE
* Explanation:
* ERT (Export Route Target) and IRT (Import Route Target) define which VPNs share routing information .
* If VPN1 (HQ R & D) and VPN2 (Branch R & D) use the same RT (100:100), they will exchange routes, enabling communication.
* Correct configuration:
VPN1: ERT 100:100, IRT 100:100
VPN2: ERT 100:100, IRT 100:100
* # This is correct and enables communication between HQ and branch R & D areas.
# B. " To implement communication between the headquarters and branch R & D areas, the RDs of VPN1 and VPN2 need to be set to the same value. " # FALSE
* Explanation:
* RD (Route Distinguisher) is only used to make overlapping IP addresses unique within the MPLS VPN.
* RD does NOT control route exchange between VPNs (RTs control route exchange).
* VPN1 and VPN2 can have different RDs but still communicate if they share the same RT (100:100).
* # RDs do NOT need to be the same for VPNs to communicate.
* # This statement is false.
# C. " R & D areas and non-R & D areas have overlapping address spaces. Therefore, services in the two areas cannot be isolated. " # FALSE
* Explanation:
* Overlapping address spaces are common in MPLS VPNs and can be isolated using unique Route Targets (RTs).
* As long as VPNs have different RTs, their traffic remains isolated.
* For example:
VPN1 (R & D): RT 100:100
VPN3 (non-R & D): RT 200:200
* Even with overlapping IPs, R & D and non-R & D areas are completely isolated.
* # This statement is false.
# D. " To isolate R & D areas from non-R & D areas at the headquarters, the RTs of VPN1 can all be set to 100:100 and the RTs of VPN3 can all be set to 200:200. " # TRUE
* Explanation:
* Setting different RTs for R & D (100:100) and non-R & D (200:200) ensures complete isolation .
* Correct configuration:
VPN1 (R & D): RT 100:100
VPN3 (non-R & D): RT 200:200
* Since VPN1 and VPN3 do NOT share the same RTs, their routes remain separate.
* # This ensures isolation between R & D and non-R & D areas.
NEW QUESTION # 167
Regarding BGP/MPLS IPVPN data forwarding, which of the following descriptions is wrong?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 168
A network engineer is checking LLDP neighbor information on R1. Which of the following descriptions are correct? (Multiple choice)
Answer: A,B,C
NEW QUESTION # 169
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