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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Fundamentals of Testing | 20% | - Seven testing principles - What is testing? - Why testing is necessary |
| Managing the Test Activities | 20% | - Risk-based testing - Test planning and estimation - Defect management - Test monitoring and control |
| Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle | 15% | - Test types - Test levels - Software development models |
| Test Analysis and Design | 25% | - Test case design - Test techniques
|
| Static Testing | 10% | - Static testing basics - Review process |
| Tool Support for Testing | 10% | - Benefits and risks of test automation - Test tools classification |
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NEW QUESTION # 356
Scenario 2 "Big Drop":
A company "The Big Drop" provides bulk discounts and frequent customer discounts as follows:
How many possible decision rules can be extracted from this table?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Decision rules define possible combinations of conditions and outcomes.
For this scenario:
Bulk discount has 3 categories (0%, 5%, 10%)
Frequent customer discount has 2 categories (Yes = +5%, No = 0%)
The total number of decision rules is:
3 bulk discount options - 2 frequent customer options = 6 rules.
Thus, the correct answer is 6 decision rules (B).
NEW QUESTION # 357
Which of the following statements about the test pyramid is true?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The test pyramid is a concept that illustrates the different levels of testing and their relative quantities. The pyramid suggests that there should be more low-level unit tests than high-level end-to-end tests. As you move up the pyramid, the scope of each test increases, meaning each higher level test typically covers more of the production code.
* Unit Tests: Form the base of the pyramid and cover individual units of code. They are numerous because they are quick to write and execute.
* Service/Integration Tests: Sit in the middle of the pyramid and cover interactions between integrated units or services.
* UI/End-to-End Tests: At the top of the pyramid, these tests cover entire workflows and user interactions, making them fewer in number due to their complexity and execution time.
Option B accurately describes that the higher the layer of the test pyramid, the more production code a single automated test tends to cover because these higher-level tests involve broader functionalities and interactions compared to unit tests.
NEW QUESTION # 358
Which of the following statements about branch coverage is true?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Exercising at least one of the decision outcomes for all decisions within the code, ensures achieving full branch coverage, which is a test coverage criterion that requires that all branches in the control flow of the code are executed at least once by the test cases. A branch is a basic block of code that has a single entry point and a single exit point, and a decision is a point in the code where the control flow can take more than one direction, such as an if-then-else statement, a switch-case statement, a loop statement, etc. The decision outcomes are the possible paths that can be taken from a decision, such as the then branch or the else branch, the case branch or the default branch, the loop body or the loop exit, etc. The other statements are false, because:
* The minimum number of test cases needed to achieve full branch coverage, is usually higher than that needed to achieve full statement coverage, which is a test coverage criterion that requires that all executable statements in the code are executed at least once by the test cases. This is because branch coverage is a stronger criterion than statement coverage, as it implies statement coverage, but not vice versa. For example, a single test case can achieve full statement coverage for an if-then-else statement, but two test cases are needed to achieve full branch coverage, as both the then branch and the else branch need to be exercised.
* If full branch coverage has been achieved, then all unconditional branches within the code have not necessarily been exercised, as unconditional branches are branches that do not depend on any decision, and are always executed, such as a goto statement, a break statement, a return statement, etc.
Unconditional branches are not part of the branch coverage criterion, as they do not represent different paths in the control flow of the code. However, they are part of the statement coverage criterion, as they are executable statements in the code.
* If full branch coverage has been achieved, then all combinations of conditions in a decision table have not necessarily been exercised, as a decision table is a test design technique that represents the logical relationships between multiple conditions and their corresponding actions, in a tabular format. A decision table can have more combinations of conditions than the number of decision outcomes in the code, as each condition can have two or more possible values, such as true or false, yes or no, etc. For example, a decision table with four conditions can have 16 combinations of conditions, but the corresponding code may have only two decision outcomes, such as pass or fail. To exercise all combinations of conditions in a decision table, a stronger test coverage criterion is needed, such as condition combination coverage, which requires that all possible combinations of condition outcomes in the code are executed at least once by the test cases. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.3.1, Test Coverage Criteria Based on the Structure of the Software
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Branch Coverage, Statement Coverage, Branch, Decision, Decision Outcome, Unconditional Branch, Decision Table, Condition Combination Coverage
NEW QUESTION # 359
Which ONE of the following elements is TYPICALLY used to guide testing duringexploratory testing?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Exploratory testingis an unscripted approach where testersactively design and execute testsbased on their intuition, experience, and knowledgeof the system. Atest charter (A)provides a guideline on what areas to explore, defining test objectives but leaving room for dynamic adaptation.
* (B), (C), and (D) contradict exploratory testing principles, which focus on freedom rather than rigid documentation.
* Exploratory testing is especially useful inagile environments, usability testing, and uncovering unexpected defects.
NEW QUESTION # 360
Which of the following is a methodical approach to error guessing?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 361
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