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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Patient Preparation | 20% | - Patient positioning & comfort - Site selection & preparation - Requisition review & test verification - Patient identification & verification - Informed consent & communication |
| Topic 2: Safety and Compliance | 26% | - HIPAA & patient confidentiality - PPE & sharps disposal - Quality control & error prevention - Infection control & OSHA standards - Bloodborne pathogens & exposure control |
| Topic 3: Special Collections | 12% | - Blood cultures & sterile collection - Therapeutic drug monitoring - Glucose tolerance & dynamic tests - Blood alcohol & legal collections - Pediatric & geriatric collections |
| Topic 4: Specimen Processing & Handling | 14% | - Transport & storage requirements - Aliquoting & preservation - Processing & centrifugation - Documentation & tracking - Specimen rejection criteria |
| Topic 5: Routine Blood Collections | 28% | - Post-collection care & labeling - Capillary puncture procedures - Order of draw & tube selection - Tourniquet use & vein assessment - Venipuncture techniques & equipment |
>> Phlebotomy-Technician Exam Papers <<
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NEW QUESTION # 90
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take before leaving an isolation room?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Before leaving an isolation room, the phlebotomist should remove PPE according to the facility's sequence and perform hand hygiene. PPE removal is a high-risk step because contaminated gloves, gowns, masks, or face protection can transfer organisms to the hands, clothing, supplies, or environment. Wearing the same gloves to the next room is a serious infection-control violation and can transmit pathogens between patients. Used needles must be placed immediately into an approved sharps container, not a bedside trash can. Carrying unused supplies back to a clean supply cart may contaminate the clean supply area; supplies taken into isolation rooms should be limited and handled according to facility policy. The phlebotomist should plan ahead, bring only necessary items, follow isolation signage, disinfect reusable equipment, and dispose of contaminated materials appropriately. This question tests infection-control workflow, not simply PPE recognition. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; isolation precautions; PPE removal; hand hygiene; cross-contamination prevention.
NEW QUESTION # 91
Which of the following blood components is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Erythrocytes are primarily responsible for oxygen transport. They contain hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein that binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues. Platelets are involved in hemostasis and clot formation, not oxygen transport. Leukocytes are white blood cells that support immune defense. Plasma proteins perform functions such as maintaining oncotic pressure, transporting substances, and supporting clotting through proteins such as fibrinogen, but they are not the primary oxygen carriers. This foundational knowledge matters because phlebotomy technicians work with specimens used to evaluate red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, indices, anemia, blood loss, and hemolysis. If a specimen is hemolyzed, red blood cells rupture and release intracellular contents, which can alter laboratory values. Understanding blood components helps the technician connect collection technique to specimen integrity. For example, rough handling, excessive suction, improper needle size, or vigorous shaking can damage erythrocytes and compromise results. Reference topics: Phlebotomy Fundamentals; blood components; erythrocytes; hemoglobin; CBC testing.
NEW QUESTION # 92
Which of the following questions should a phlebotomist ask to verify fasting status?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should ask, "When was the last time you had anything to eat or drink other than water?" This question directly verifies fasting status and avoids a vague yes/no answer. Patients may misunderstand fasting and think coffee, juice, gum, candy, or a small snack does not count. Asking about medication is important for some tests, but it does not verify fasting. Asking why the provider ordered the test is outside the phlebotomist's interpretive role and may lead to unauthorized clinical discussion. Asking whether the patient has had the test before does not confirm current preparation. Accurate fasting verification is part of patient preparation and preanalytical quality control. If the patient has not fasted as required, the phlebotomist should follow facility policy, notify appropriate personnel, document noncompliance if collection proceeds, or reschedule if instructed. Poor preparation can produce misleading chemistry results and unnecessary repeat testing. Reference topics: Patient Preparation; fasting verification; patient interview; basal-state requirements; preanalytical variables.
NEW QUESTION # 93
A phlebotomist is scheduled to perform a venipuncture on a patient who had a bilateral radical mastectomy. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should contact the provider for approval. After a mastectomy, especially radical mastectomy with lymph node involvement, venipuncture on the affected side is generally avoided because impaired lymphatic drainage can increase risk for lymphedema, infection, delayed healing, and patient complications. With a bilateral radical mastectomy, both arms may be restricted, so the phlebotomist should not independently choose an alternate arm vein. Drawing from an ulnar vein is not a standard solution and could still be in a restricted extremity. Requesting surgical outpatient records is not the immediate collection action and does not provide authorization to proceed. Obtaining a specimen from the subclavian vein is outside the phlebotomist's routine scope and would be a provider-level invasive procedure. The correct approach is to pause, follow facility policy, notify the nurse or provider, and obtain explicit direction for an approved site or alternate collection method. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; site contraindications; mastectomy precautions; provider communication; patient safety.
NEW QUESTION # 94
Which of the following should a phlebotomist do if a specimen must remain warm during transport?
Answer: D
Explanation:
If a specimen must remain warm during transport, the phlebotomist should use an approved warming device according to facility policy. Some tests, such as cold agglutinin-related specimens or specific specialized assays, may require warm handling to prevent analyte or cellular changes. Placing the specimen on ice or refrigerating it would violate warm-transport requirements and could compromise results. Leaving it near a sunny window is uncontrolled, unsafe, and may expose the specimen to light or excessive heat. Temperature requirements must be controlled and documented when required. The phlebotomist should not improvise with unapproved heat sources because overheating can also damage specimens. Proper specimen handling means knowing whether the specimen should be transported at room temperature, chilled, frozen, protected from light, or kept warm. Failure to follow special handling instructions creates preanalytical error and may require recollection. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; warm specimens; transport requirements; temperature control; specimen integrity.
NEW QUESTION # 95
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