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| Certification Vendor: | EC-Council |
|---|---|
| Exam Name: | EC-Council Digital Forensics Essentials (DFE) |
| Exam Number: | 112-57 |
| Exam Duration: | 120 minutes |
| Exam Format: | Multiple Choice |
| Available Languages: | English |
| Real Exam Qty: | 60 |
| Certificate Validity Period: | 3 years |
| Related Certifications: | EC-Council Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) EC-Council Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator (CHFI) |
| Exam Price: | $250 (USD) |
| Passing Score: | 70% |
| Sample Questions: | EC-COUNCIL 112-57 Sample Questions |
| Exam Way: | Online Proctored / Testing Center |
| Pre Condition: | No formal prerequisites; basic understanding of IT and networking recommended. Ideal for beginners in digital forensics. |
| Official Syllabus URL: | https://www.eccouncil.org/digital-forensics-essentials/ |
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NEW QUESTION # 26
Bob, a professional hacker, targeted an organization to launch attacks. Bob gathered information such as network topology and a list of live hosts. Based on the collected information, he launched further attacks over the organization's network.
Identify the type of network attack Bob initiated on the target organization in the above scenario.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The activity described-collectingnetwork topologydetails and compiling alist of live hosts-matches the reconnaissance phase commonly referred to asenumeration. In digital forensics and incident response documentation, enumeration is the systematic process of discovering and extracting information about a target environment to support later exploitation. It typically follows (or overlaps with) scanning and includes identifying active IP addresses, reachable systems, open ports/services, device roles, OS fingerprints, domain information, shared resources, user/group details, and routing or segmentation clues that reveal how the network is structured.
This information is then used to plan "further attacks," such as targeting exposed services, choosing exploit paths, locating high-value systems, and selecting lateral movement routes. From a forensic standpoint, enumeration attempts often leave traces in firewall logs, IDS alerts, and endpoint artifacts (e.g., bursts of connection attempts across many hosts/ports, ICMP echo sweeps, ARP discovery on local segments, and repeated DNS queries).
The other options do not fit:data modificationinvolves altering data integrity;session hijackingtargets active sessions/tokens; andbuffer overflowis an exploitation technique against vulnerable software, not the information-gathering step described. Therefore, the correct answer isEnumeration (B)
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following layers of the TCP/IP model serves as the backbone for data flow between two devices in a network and enables peer entities on the source and destination devices to communicate with each other?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the TCP/IP model, theTransport layeris responsible forend-to-end communication between peer entitieson the source and destination systems. "Peer entities" here refers to the corresponding transport components (and the applications that use them) on two different hosts communicating across a network. This layer forms the practical "backbone" of host-to-host data flow because it provides the mechanisms that allow data to be deliveredfrom one endpoint process to another endpoint processreliably or efficiently, depending on the protocol used.
The Transport layer includes protocols such asTCPandUDP. TCP supports connection-oriented communication with sequencing, acknowledgments, retransmissions, and flow control-features that are fundamental when reconstructing sessions during network forensic investigations (e.g., rebuilding a file transfer or a web session). UDP provides connectionless delivery used by many services where speed is preferred over guaranteed delivery, which is also significant in investigations of DNS, streaming, or certain malware communications.
By contrast, theInternet layerfocuses on logical addressing and routing (IP), theNetwork access layerhandles local delivery on the physical/link network, and theApplication layerprovides user-facing protocols.
Therefore, the layer enabling peer communication between endpoints is theTransport layer (C).
NEW QUESTION # 28
Below is the syntax of a command-line utility that displays active TCP connections and ports on which the computer is listening.
netstat [-a] [-e] [-n] [-o] [-p Protocol] [-r] [-s] [Interval]
Identify the netstat parameter that displays active TCP connections and includes the process ID (PID) for each connection.
Answer: C
Explanation:
In Windows forensics and incident response, investigators often need to linknetwork activity(remote IPs, ports, connection states) to theresponsible processto determine whether traffic is legitimate or associated with malware, unauthorized tools, or data exfiltration. The Windowsnetstatutility can enumerate current TCP connections and listening ports, but the key flag that enables attribution to a running program is-o. The-o parameter instructs netstat to include theOwning Process ID (PID)with each connection or listening socket.
Once the PID is known, examiners can correlate it with process listings (e.g., Task Manager,tasklist, memory forensics output) to identify the executable name, path, user context, and parent process-critical steps in reconstructing attacker behavior and persistence.
The other options do not provide PID mapping:-nshows addresses and ports in numeric form (useful for speed and to avoid DNS lookups),-adisplays all connections and listening ports but without PID attribution by itself, and-sshows protocol statistics rather than per-connection ownership. Therefore, the parameter that shows active connectionsandincludes the PID for each is[-o](Option C).
NEW QUESTION # 29
Which of the following techniques is defined as the art of hiding data "behind" other data without the target's knowledge, thereby hiding the existence of the message itself?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Steganographyis the technique of concealing a messagewithin another seemingly harmless carrier(such as an image, audio file, video, or document) so that theexistence of the hidden message is not apparentto an observer. Digital forensics references distinguish steganography from encryption: encryption scrambles content but usually leaves visible indicators that protected data exists (ciphertext), while steganography aims to make the communication look ordinary, reducing suspicion. In practice, steganographic methods often embed data into redundant or less perceptible parts of the carrier, such as modifying least significant bits in pixel values, altering frequency components in audio, or inserting data into metadata or unused file structures.
The other options do not match the definition.Password crackingis an access technique to recover authentication secrets, not a concealment method.Artifact wipingis an anti-forensics method intended to remove traces (logs, files, slack space remnants), but it does not "hide behind" other data-it destroys or overwrites evidence.Program packerscompress/obfuscate executables to hinder static analysis and detection, but they still produce an executable whose presence is evident; they do not primarily hide messages inside benign files. Therefore, the described "hiding the existence of the message itself" corresponds toSteganography (C).
NEW QUESTION # 30
Sandra, a hacker, targeted Johana, a software professional, to steal her banking details. She started sending frequent, random pop-up messages with malicious links to her social media page. Johana accidentally clicked on a link, causing a malicious program to get installed in her system. Subsequently, when Johana attempted to access her banking website, the URL redirected her to a malicious website controlled by Sandra. Johana entered her banking credentials on the fake website, which Sandra then captured.
Identify the type of attack performed by Sandra on Johana.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The scenario describes a victim beingredirected from a legitimate banking URL to a fraudulent websitewithout intending to visit it, after malware is installed on the system. This behavior is characteristic ofpharming, an attack in which an adversarycauses redirectionto a malicious destination even when the user types the correct address or clicks a legitimate bookmark. In digital forensics references, pharming is commonly achieved by manipulatingname resolution or routing mechanisms, such as altering the localhosts file, changingDNS server settings, poisoning DNS responses, modifying browser proxy settings, or installing malware that intercepts and rewrites web requests. The key forensic indicator is that the victim's request for the real domain is transparently diverted to attacker-controlled infrastructure, where credentials are harvested through a convincing spoofed login page.
The other options do not match the redirection-and-fake-site mechanism.Tailgatingis physical access abuse (following someone into a secure area).Dumpster divinginvolves retrieving sensitive information from discarded materials.Shoulder surfingis observing credentials by watching the victim type. Because the essential action here ismalicious redirection to a fake site to steal credentials, the correct answer isPharming (A).
NEW QUESTION # 31
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