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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Supply Chain Security | 20% | - Signed artifacts & verification - Image security & scanning - SBOM & CI/CD security - Static analysis tools - Permitted registries |
| Minimize Microservice Vulnerabilities | 20% | - OPA/Gatekeeper implementation - Isolation & multi-tenancy - Secret management - Security contexts - Pod Security Standards |
| System Hardening | 10% | - Kernel hardening (AppArmor, seccomp) - Least privilege IAM - Network access control - Minimize OS attack surface |
| Monitoring, Logging and Runtime Security | 20% | - Threat detection (Falco) - Audit log configuration - Container immutability - Behavioral analytics - Incident investigation |
| Cluster Hardening | 15% | - API access restriction - RBAC configuration - Service account security - Component updates & vulnerability mitigation |
| Cluster Setup | 15% | - Network security policies - CIS benchmark compliance - Binary verification - Node metadata protection - Secure Ingress configuration |
The Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) CKS certification is a valuable credential earned by individuals to validate their skills and competence to perform certain job tasks. Your Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) CKS certification is usually displayed as proof that you’ve been trained, educated, and prepared to meet the specific requirement for your professional role. The Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) CKS Certification enables you to move ahead in your career later.
NEW QUESTION # 40
SIMULATION
Using the runtime detection tool Falco, Analyse the container behavior for at least 30 seconds, using filters that detect newly spawning and executing processes store the incident file art /opt/falco-incident.txt, containing the detected incidents. one per line, in the format
[timestamp],[uid],[user-name],[processName]
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 41
Fix all issues via configuration and restart the affected components to ensure the new setting takes effect.
Fix all of the following violations that were found against the API server:- a. Ensure that the RotateKubeletServerCertificate argument is set to true.
b. Ensure that the admission control plugin PodSecurityPolicy is set.
c. Ensure that the --kubelet-certificate-authority argument is set as appropriate.
Fix all of the following violations that were found against the Kubelet:- a. Ensure the --anonymous-auth argument is set to false.
b. Ensure that the --authorization-mode argument is set to Webhook.
Fix all of the following violations that were found against the ETCD:-
a. Ensure that the --auto-tls argument is not set to true
b. Ensure that the --peer-auto-tls argument is not set to true
Hint: Take the use of Tool Kube-Bench
Answer:
Explanation:
Fix all of the following violations that were found against the API server:- a. Ensure that the RotateKubeletServerCertificate argument is set to true.
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
component: kubelet
tier: control-plane
name: kubelet
namespace: kube-system
spec:
containers:
- command:
- kube-controller-manager
+ - --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true
image: gcr.io/google_containers/kubelet-amd64:v1.6.0
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 8
httpGet:
host: 127.0.0.1
path: /healthz
port: 6443
scheme: HTTPS
initialDelaySeconds: 15
timeoutSeconds: 15
name: kubelet
resources:
requests:
cpu: 250m
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/
name: k8s
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
name: certs
- mountPath: /etc/pki
name: pki
hostNetwork: true
volumes:
- hostPath:
path: /etc/kubernetes
name: k8s
- hostPath:
path: /etc/ssl/certs
name: certs
- hostPath:
path: /etc/pki
name: pki
b. Ensure that the admission control plugin PodSecurityPolicy is set.
audit: "/bin/ps -ef | grep $apiserverbin | grep -v grep"
tests:
test_items:
- flag: "--enable-admission-plugins"
compare:
op: has
value: "PodSecurityPolicy"
set: true
remediation: |
Follow the documentation and create Pod Security Policy objects as per your environment.
Then, edit the API server pod specification file $apiserverconf
on the master node and set the --enable-admission-plugins parameter to a value that includes PodSecurityPolicy :
--enable-admission-plugins=...,PodSecurityPolicy,...
Then restart the API Server.
scored: true
c. Ensure that the --kubelet-certificate-authority argument is set as appropriate.
audit: "/bin/ps -ef | grep $apiserverbin | grep -v grep"
tests:
test_items:
- flag: "--kubelet-certificate-authority"
set: true
remediation: |
Follow the Kubernetes documentation and setup the TLS connection between the apiserver and kubelets. Then, edit the API server pod specification file
$apiserverconf on the master node and set the --kubelet-certificate-authority parameter to the path to the cert file for the certificate authority.
--kubelet-certificate-authority=<ca-string>
scored: true
Fix all of the following violations that were found against the ETCD:-
a. Ensure that the --auto-tls argument is not set to true
Edit the etcd pod specification file $etcdconf on the master node and either remove the --auto-tls parameter or set it to false. --auto-tls=false b. Ensure that the --peer-auto-tls argument is not set to true Edit the etcd pod specification file $etcdconf on the master node and either remove the --peer-auto-tls parameter or set it to false. --peer-auto-tls=false
NEW QUESTION # 42
You are deploying a new application in a Kubernetes cluster that needs to access a confidential database- You want to ensure that the application container can only access the database using a dedicated service account with limited permissions. Describe how you would create and use a service account with restricted permissions for this application, ensuring the database access is secure.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a Service Account: Create a new service account for the application with a descriptive name like "db-access-sa"'
- Apply the YAML file to your cluster: bash kubectl apply -f db-access-sa.yaml 2. Create a Role and Role8inding: Create a Role that defines the specific permissions for the service account. This role should only grant the necessary permissions to access the database, like reading and writing.
- Create a RoIeBinding that associates the Role with the ServiceAccount
- Apply these YAML files to your cluster. 3. Configure the Application Container: Modify the Deployment or Pod definition for your application. Ensure you specify the 'serviceAccountName field to use the newly created service account.
4. Test Database Access: Deploy your application. Verify that the application container can successfully connect to the database and perform the required operations. 5. Verify Permissions: Ensure that the application container is unable to access any other resources that it's not explicitly granted permission to.
NEW QUESTION # 43
You are tasked with securing the container image supply chain for your organization_ You are using a container registry that supports signing and verification of container images. You need to create a policy that ensures only signed images from a specific trusted source are deployed to your Kubernetes cluster.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Configure the Container Registry:
- Enable Image Signing: Enable image signing functionality in your container registry (e.g., Docker Hub, Google Container Registry, etc.).
- Create a Signing Key: Generate a signing key and store it securely. This key will be used to sign images from the trusted source.
2 Create a Kubernetes Admission Controller:
- Use an Admission Controller like "Container Image Signature Validation Admission Webhook" to enforce image signature verification during deployment. This Admission Controller ensures that only signed images are allowed to be deployed to your cluster.
3. Configure the Admission Controller:
- Create a Service Account: Create a Service Account with the necessary permissions to access your container registry and verify image signatures.
- Create a Deployment for the Admission Controller: Deploy the Admission Controller with a pod using the Service Account created earlier.
- Configure the Admission Controller: Configure the Admission Controller to use your signing key to verify signatures.
4. Deploy Signed Images:
- Sign Images: Use the signing key to sign images from the trusted source before pushing them to the container registry.
- Deploy Signed Images: Deploy the signed images to your Kubernetes cluster. The Admission Controller will verity their signatures before allowing the deployment.
Example:
This example uses the 'image-signature-validator' container image available on Quay.i0. The 'config.yamr file in the ConfigMap defines the signing key and trusted image sources. Remember to replace these values with your actual information.
NEW QUESTION # 44
You must complete this task on the following cluster/nodes: Cluster: immutable-cluster Master node: master1 Worker node: worker1 You can switch the cluster/configuration context using the following command: [desk@cli] $ kubectl config use-context immutable-cluster Context: It is best practice to design containers to be stateless and immutable. Task: Inspect Pods running in namespace prod and delete any Pod that is either not stateless or not immutable. Use the following strict interpretation of stateless and immutable: 1. Pods being able to store data inside containers must be treated as not stateless. Note: You don't have to worry whether data is actually stored inside containers or not already. 2. Pods being configured to be privileged in any way must be treated as potentially not stateless or not immutable.
Answer:
Explanation:
Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/ https://cloud.google.com/architecture/best-practices-for-operating-containers
NEW QUESTION # 45
......
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