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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Wireless Network Attacks | 9% | - Wireless Network Concepts
|
| Topic 2: Web Application Attacks | 19% | - Web Application Concepts and Attacks
|
| Topic 3: Cryptography and Post-Exploitation | 13% | - Post-Exploitation Techniques
|
| Topic 4: System Hacking | 17% | - System Hacking Methodologies
|
| Topic 5: Reconnaissance Techniques | 21% | - Footprinting and Reconnaissance
|
| Topic 6: Information Security and Ethical Hacking Overview | 6% | - Ethical Hacking Overview
|
| Topic 7: Vulnerability Analysis | 7% | - Vulnerability Assessment Concepts
|
| Topic 8: Malware Threats | 8% | - Malware and Its Types
|
| Topic 9: Enumeration | 15% | - Enumeration Concepts
|
| Topic 10: Sniffing and Evasion | 10% | - Social Engineering
|
| Topic 11: Cloud and Container Attacks | 10% | - Cloud Attacks and Security
|
| Topic 12: Mobile Platform and IoT Attacks | 7% | - Mobile Platform Attack Vectors
|
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346. Frage
Alice, a software developer, digitally signs an email contract and sends it to Bob. Later, a dispute arises and Alice claims she never sent the agreement. However, Bob produces the email with Alice's unique digital signature, which unequivocally links the message to her. In information security terms, what principle is illustrated by Bob's ability to prove Alice's authorship of the email?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Non-repudiation is the security principle that prevents a sender from denying having performed a specific action, such as sending a message or approving a transaction. In CEH-aligned cryptography, non-repudiation is most commonly achieved using digital signatures backed by public key cryptography and, in many real- world deployments, supported by digital certificates and a trusted certificate authority. When Alice digitally signs the email contract, she uses her private key to create a signature that is mathematically tied to both her identity and the exact content of the message. Bob can then use Alice's corresponding public key to verify the signature. If verification succeeds, it provides strong evidence that the message originated from the holder of Alice's private key and that the content has not been altered since it was signed.
This is different from confidentiality, which is about preventing unauthorized disclosure of message contents through encryption. It is also distinct from integrity alone: integrity ensures the message was not modified, but non-repudiation adds accountability by binding the action to a specific signer in a way that can be demonstrated to a third party. Availability is unrelated here, as it concerns ensuring systems and data are accessible when needed.
CEH materials emphasize that non-repudiation depends on proper key management and trust infrastructure. If Alice's private key is compromised, the evidentiary value is weakened. Therefore, protecting private keys with secure storage, access controls, and revocation mechanisms is essential to preserve non-repudiation.
347. Frage
While examining audit logs, you discover that people are able to telnet into the SMTP server on port 25. You would like to block this, though you do not see any evidence of an attack or other wrongdoing. However, you are concerned about affecting the normal functionality of the email server. From the following options choose how best you can achieve this objective:
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Telnetting into port 25 allows users to manually issue SMTP commands. While not necessarily malicious, it can be abused (e.g., for spamming or probing).
You don't want to shut down SMTP (as that's required for email), and you can't block port 25 entirely. The best approach is to secure the service by requiring:
* SMTP authentication (username/password)
* Possibly TLS encryption
From CEH v13 Courseware:
* Module 5: Vulnerability Analysis
* Module 20: Secure Protocols
CEH v13 Study Guide states:
"To prevent unauthorized SMTP access, require SMTP AUTH. This allows only authenticated users to send email, mitigating abuse of open mail relays." Incorrect Options:
* A: Blocks all SMTP, affecting email functionality.
* B: Disables mail service entirely.
* D: Switching platforms doesn't solve the underlying issue.
* E: Not appropriate-there is a clear solution.
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 5: Mail Server HardeningRFC 4954 - SMTP Authentication
348. Frage
At Horizon Legal Services in Boston, Massachusetts, ethical hacker Daniel Price is tasked with assessing the security of the firm's mobile case-tracking app. During testing, he finds that confidential case notes and client records are kept locally on the device without encryption. By browsing the file system with a standard explorer tool, he can open sensitive information without any authentication. Which OWASP Top 10 Mobile Risk is most clearly present in the app?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
The correct answer is C. Insecure Data Storage because the vulnerability described is the storage of sensitive information locally on the mobile device in a manner that is not encrypted and is accessible by simply browsing the file system. In mobile application security, this is a classic risk category: when an app stores confidential data (case notes, client records, tokens, documents, cached responses, databases, logs, or exported files) in clear text or in insecure locations, an attacker who gains device access-or uses backup extraction, file explorers, rooted/jailbroken access, or malware with storage permissions-may retrieve that data without needing to authenticate to the application.
The scenario makes the weakness unmistakable: Daniel can use a "standard explorer tool" to open sensitive records "without any authentication." This indicates the app is failing to apply appropriate protections such as encryption at rest, secure key handling, proper file permissions, and secure storage mechanisms. In secure mobile design, sensitive records should be encrypted using platform-supported protections (e.g., using OS keystores/keychains for keys, encrypting databases/files, and minimizing local retention). Additionally, apps should avoid storing highly sensitive regulated data unless essential, and should implement secure session controls and data lifecycle management (cache control, expiration, remote wipe support in enterprise settings).
Why the other options are not the best fit: Insecure communication concerns data exposure while transmitted over networks (e.g., lack of TLS, weak TLS, MITM susceptibility), whereas the issue here is purely local storage. Improper credential usage relates to mishandling passwords, tokens, or authentication secrets (hard- coded credentials, weak storage of credentials), but the prompt focuses on stored records themselves.
Inadequate privacy controls is broader and typically involves over-collection, improper disclosure, or weak user privacy settings, not direct clear-text storage exposure.
Therefore, the most clearly present OWASP Top 10 Mobile Risk is Insecure Data Storage.
349. Frage
A cybersecurity analyst in an organization is using the Common Vulnerability Scoring System to assess and prioritize identified vulnerabilities in their IT infrastructure. They encountered a vulnerability with a base metric score of 7, a temporal metric score of 8, and an environmental metric score of 5. Which statement best describes this scenario?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is a method used to supply a qualitative measure of severity for a vulnerability. CVSS consists of three metric groups: Base, Temporal, and Environmental. The Base metrics produce a score ranging from 0 to 10, which can then be modified by scoring the Temporal and Environmental metrics. A vector string represents the values of all the metrics as a block of text1 The Base metrics measure the intrinsic characteristics of a vulnerability, such as the attack vector, the attack complexity, the required privileges, the user interaction, the scope, and the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The Base score reflects the severity of a vulnerability assuming that there is no temporal information or context available1 The Temporal metrics measure the characteristics of a vulnerability that change over time, such as the exploit code maturity, the remediation level, and the report confidence. The Temporal score reflects the current state of a vulnerability and its likelihood of being exploited1 The Environmental metrics measure the characteristics of a vulnerability that depend on a specific implementation or environment, such as the security requirements, the modified base metrics, and the collateral damage potential. The Environmental score reflects the impact of a vulnerability on a particular organization or system1 In this scenario, the vulnerability has a Base score of 7, a Temporal score of 8, and an Environmental score of
5. This means that:
The vulnerability has a high severity based on its intrinsic characteristics, such as the attack vector, the attack complexity, the required privileges, the user interaction, the scope, and the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. A Base score of 7 corresponds to a high severity rating according to the CVSS v3.0 specification1 The vulnerability has an increasing likelihood of exploitability over time based on its current state, such as the exploit code maturity, the remediation level, and the report confidence. A Temporal score of 8 is higher than the Base score of 7, which indicates that the vulnerability is more likely to be exploited as time passes1 The vulnerability has a medium impact on the specific environment or implementation based on the security requirements, the modified base metrics, and the collateral damage potential. An Environmental score of 5 is lower than the Base score of 7, which indicates that the vulnerability is less impactful in the particular context of the organization or system1 Therefore, the statement that best describes this scenario is: The vulnerability has an overall high severity, the likelihood of exploitability is increasing over time, and it has a medium impact in their specific environment.
References:
NVD - Vulnerability Metrics
350. Frage
During a recent vulnerability assessment of a major corporation's IT systems, the security team identified several potential risks. They want to use a vulnerability scoring system to quantify and prioritize these vulnerabilities. They decide to use the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). Given the characteristics of the identified vulnerabilities, which of the following statements is the most accurate regarding the metric types used by CVSS to measure these vulnerabilities?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
The base metric represents the inherent qualities of a vulnerability, according to the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). CVSS is a framework that numerically characterizes the severity of software vulnerabilities between the range of 0-10. CVSS consists of three metric groups: Base, Temporal, and Environmental. The base metric group captures the characteristics of a vulnerability that are constant over time and across user environments. The base metric group consists of six sub-metrics: Attack Vector, Attack Complexity, Privileges Required, User Interaction, Scope, and Impact. The impact sub-metric further consists of three sub-metrics: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. The base metric group produces a score ranging from 0 to 10, which reflects the intrinsic and fundamental properties of a vulnerability12.
The other options are not correct for the following reasons:
A). Temporal metric represents the inherent qualities of a vulnerability: This option is incorrect because the temporal metric group captures the characteristics of a vulnerability that change over time due to events external to the vulnerability. The temporal metric group consists of three sub-metrics: Exploit Code Maturity, Remediation Level, and Report Confidence. The temporal metric group modifies the base score to reflect the current state of the vulnerability, such as the availability of exploit code, the existence of patches or workarounds, and the degree of verification of the vulnerability report12.
C). Environmental metric involves the features that change during the lifetime of the vulnerability: This option is incorrect because the environmental metric group captures the characteristics of a vulnerability that are relevant and unique to a user's environment. The environmental metric group consists of three sub-metrics:
Modified Attack Vector, Modified Attack Complexity, and Modified Privileges Required. The environmental metric group also allows the user to assign importance values to the impact sub-metrics: Confidentiality Requirement, Integrity Requirement, and Availability Requirement. The environmental metric group modifies the base and temporal scores to reflect the impact of the vulnerability on the user's specific environment, such as the network configuration, the security objectives, and the asset value12.
D). Temporal metric involves measuring vulnerabilities based on a specific environment or implementation:
This option is incorrect because the temporal metric group does not involve measuring vulnerabilities based on a specific environment or implementation, but rather on the factors that change over time due to events external to the vulnerability. The environmental metric group, not the temporal metric group, involves measuring vulnerabilities based on a specific environment or implementation, as explained in option C.
References:
1: What is CVSS - Common Vulnerability Scoring System - SANS Institute
2: Common Vulnerability Scoring System - Wikipedia
351. Frage
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