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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology | - Drug classifications and uses - Dosage calculations and administration |
| Animal Care and Nursing | - Nutrition and husbandry - Patient handling and restraint |
| Anesthesia | - Anesthetic monitoring - Anesthetic protocols and equipment |
| Diagnostic Imaging | - Image processing and interpretation basics - Radiography positioning and safety |
| Dentistry | - Oral anatomy and disease recognition - Dental prophylaxis procedures |
| Emergency Medicine and Critical Care | - Shock management and CPR - Triage and stabilization |
| Pain Management and Analgesia | - Pain assessment techniques - Analgesic drug use |
| Surgical Nursing | - Preoperative and postoperative care - Sterile technique and instrumentation |
| Laboratory Procedures | - Hematology and clinical pathology - Urinalysis and microbiology |
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NEW QUESTION # 392
Patent ductus arteriosus is the most common congenital heart defect observed in dogs. What is a patent ductus arteriosus?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Patent ductus arteriosus is the failed closure of a duct between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. The ductus arteriosus is meant to be patent in the fetus and closed at birth when the lungs are used for breathing. If the duct remains patent, blood will travel through from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, overloading the pulmonary vasculature, and pulmonary hypertension will develop.
Surgical correction of a patent ductus arteriosus involves a left-sided thoracotomy and ligation of the shunt between the aorta and pulmonary artery. It is also possible to place a coil into the duct via minimally invasive catheterization and fluoroscopy.
Pulmonic stenosis is the narrowing of the outflow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries.
An abnormal opening in the wall between the ventricles is called a ventricular septal defect. When the opening is between the atria, it is an atrial septal defect.
NEW QUESTION # 393
What is the appropriate endotracheal tube size range for adult horses and cattle?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Adult horses and cattle will need endotracheal tubes ranging in size from 22 to 30 mm.
All other ranges are too small or too large.
NEW QUESTION # 394
A client wants to breed her two-year-old FI pitbull once because her disposition is amazing. She is very good with children and other dogs and is sweet and mellow. The owner has come to you before breeding to learn everything she can, from conception to whelping to weaning and all in between. The dog is UTD on vaccines, heartworm, and flea/tick prevention, and eats a good quality reputable dog food. The veterinarian does a physical exam and leaves you to review the owner's various questions about gestational length; when to come in for an ultrasound to confirm pregnancy; when to come back to check for the number of fetuses via radiographs, and more. She also remembers reading that she should switch the bitch to puppy food during gestation. You relay that this is correct in order to provide added calories and calcium supplementation in preparation for birth and nursing (milk production).
At what gestational stage do you tell her to put the bitch on a high-quality, readily digestible growth formulation?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A dog's gestational length is approximately 63-65 days, or about 9 weeks. Starting in the third trimester, at about week 5, we want to introduce high-quality, easily digestible puppy food to provide the necessary calcium, phosphorus, and calories needed for fetal growth, milk development, nursing, and energy.
Large/giant breed dogs should only be fed regular puppy food, not a giant breed, as it may not have sufficient fat and calcium or be too low in energy.
Puppy food will be fed throughout the rest of the pregnancy until the puppies are weaned, to ensure adequate calcium supplementation and energy to produce milk and support the babies.
NEW QUESTION # 395
If a client arrives with dog that has ingested a full bottle of ibuprofen within the past twenty minutes, treatments may include all except which of the following?
Answer: A
Explanation:
NSAIDs such as ibuprofen are known to cause potentially life-threatening damage to the kidneys and stomach lining. Treatment with gastroprotectant medications such as sucralfate and pantoprazole can help prevent any stomach ulcers and injury. Misoprostol can have direct antidote-like effects to decrease the risk of ulcer formation.
IV fluids are typically administered for 48 hours to promote diuresis and flushing of the kidneys.
With a known ingestion within the past hour, decontamination through emesis (induce vomiting), followed by administration of activated charcoal (absorbs any residual ibuprofen in the intestine), is indicated.
Acetylcysteine helps treat liver damage associated with acetaminophen intoxication.
Joanna M. Bassert, VMD. McCurnin's Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, 9th Edition. Pg 913.
Mosby's Comprehensive Review for Veterinary Technicians 5th Edition. Pg 668-669.
NEW QUESTION # 396
All of the following are benefits of using external surgical staples, except:
Answer: D
Explanation:
The use of external staples can dramatically reduce surgical and anesthesia time. If you have a foreign body surgery on a German Shepherd that was properly placed from xiphoid to pubis for maximum exposure and to exteriorize the intestines, no matter how good of a surgeon the vet is, it takes time to suture that incision closed. A stapler can dramatically reduce that time. The staples come in a self-contained disposable unit that, when placed, takes on a unique shape in the skin. However, these staples require a specific staple remover to safely and atraumatically remove them.
Patients with a history of reactivity to sutures in the past, either with an inflammatory response or due to excessive licking, may respond better to staples. Thus, they can be a viable alternative for these patients.
Having a stapler ready-either because the patient has a history of reactivity or because of the type of surgery, patient, surgeon's preference, or duration of surgery-is ideal to help save time, and should be considered when you are prepping your surgery suite and obtaining all needed equipment.
NEW QUESTION # 397
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