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여러분이 어떤 업계에서 어떤 일을 하든지 모두 항상 업그레이되는 자신을 원할 것입니다.,it업계에서도 이러합니다.모두 자기자신의 업그레이는 물론 자기만의 공간이 있기를 바랍니다.전문적인 IT인사들은 모두 아시다싶이CIPS L4M2인증시험이 여러분의 이러한 요구를 만족시켜드립니다.그리고 우리 Fast2test는 이러한 꿈을 이루어드립니다.
CIPS L4M2 시험은 비즈니스 요구를 효과적으로 정의하고 분석하는 방법에 대한 후보자의 이해를 테스트하도록 설계되었습니다. 이 시험에는 내부 및 외부 이해 관계자 식별, 비즈니스 프로세스 및 요구 사항 이해, 비즈니스 요구에 따라 조달 전략 개발, 조달 옵션 평가와 같은 주제가 다룹니다. 이 시험에 합격하는 것은 조달 및 공급망 관리 분야에서 경력을 쌓고 자하는 사람에게 중요합니다. 후보자는 비즈니스 요구를 분석하고 조직의 목표와 일치하는 조달 전략을 개발하는 데 필요한 기술과 지식을 가지고 있음을 보여줍니다.
시험은 비즈니스 요구 사항 식별, 시장 분석 수행, 조달 전략 개발 및 공급 업체 관계 관리 등 비즈니스 요구 정의와 관련된 다양한 주제를 다룹니다. 이러한 주제는 조직 내에서 조달 활동을 관리 할 책임이있는 개인에게 필수적입니다. 이 시험은 이러한 주제에 대한 후보자의 이해와 실제 상황에서이를 적용 할 수있는 능력을 테스트하도록 설계되었습니다.
Fast2test에서는 전문CIPS L4M2인증시험을 겨냥한 덤프 즉 문제와 답을 제공합니다.여러분이 처음CIPS L4M2인증시험준비라면 아주 좋은 덤프입니다. Fast2test에서 제공되는 덤프는 모두 실제시험과 아주 유사한 덤프들입니다.CIPS L4M2인증시험패스는 보장합니다. 만약 떨어지셨다면 우리는 덤프비용전액을 환불해드립니다.
이 인증 시험은 비즈니스 분석가, 프로젝트 매니저, 제품 매니저 및 IT 전문가를 포함한 모든 산업의 전문가들에게 열려 있습니다. 이는 특히 비즈니스 프로젝트의 계획 및 실행에 참여하는 전문가들과 비즈니스 분석 분야에서의 경력 기회를 높이고자 하는 사람들에게 유용합니다.
질문 # 83
Which of the following is an assumption of Kano model?
정답：C
설명：
Kano model of excitement and basic quality (Kano et al, 1984; Berger et al, 1993; Matzler et al, 1996) brings a different perspective for the analysis of improvement opportunities in products and services because it takes in consideration the asymmetrical and non-linear relationship between performance and satisfaction. The Kano model classifies customers requirements in three categories (figure 3):
a) Basic Requirements. The basic requirements fulfill the basic functions of a product. If they are not present or their performance is insufficient, customers will be extremely dissatisfied. On the other hand, if they are present or have sufficient performance, they don't bring satisfaction. Customers see them as prerequisites. For instance, for luxury automobiles, "air bags" are considered basic. A customer won't feel satisfied if the automobile has "air bag", however he/she will not buy it if "air bag" is not present.
b) Performance Requirements. As for these requirements, satisfaction is proportional to the performance level
- the higher the performance, the higher the customer's satisfaction will be and vice-versa. Gas consumption in automobiles is an example of these requirements. Usually customers explicitly demand performance requirements.
c) Excitement Requirements. These requirements are key to customer satisfaction. If they are pre-sent or have sufficient performance, they will bring superior satisfaction. On the other hand, if they are not present or their performance is insufficient, customers will not get dissatisfied. For instance, a surprise gift at the end of a dinner in a restaurant will certainly bring satisfaction, but it will not cause dissatisfaction if not offered. These requirements are not demanded nor expected by customers.
Two other types of requirements may be identified in the Kano model: neutral and reverse ones. Neutral requirements do not bring either satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Reverse requirements bring more satisfaction if absent than if present.
Diagram Description automatically generated
질문 # 84
Which type of specification is less time-consuming to develop?
정답：B
설명：
There are two major types of specification: conformance and performance specifications. They have the following characteristics:
Since performance specification is often a list of outputs or outcomes, it usually takes less time to develop than conformance specification.
질문 # 85
Which of the following are examples of environmental and social criteria in supplier tender evaluation?
* Compliance with labour standards
* Carbon footprint measures
* Compliance with technical specification
* After-sales maintenance service levels
정답：B
설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (from CIPS L4M2 - Sustainable Procurement Evaluation) Environmental criteria: carbon emissions, waste, resource efficiency.
Social criteria: labour standards, equality, community impact.
Thus, 1 and 2 fit perfectly.
Items 3 and 4 are quality or service considerations, not sustainability metrics.
Relevant L4M2 references:
* "Incorporating sustainability in tender evaluation"
* "Triple bottom line and responsible sourcing"
질문 # 86
Interserve is a construction contractor in UK. When receiving a huge and complex project, Inter-serve's procurement manager assesses the risks by quantifying them and recommends other stake-holders to plan mitigating actions. Is the procurement manager's action justified?
정답：C
설명：
Assessing the risks by quantifying them should be done. Even with qualitative risk assessment, quantifying is still important since risks need to be prioritised.
Risk assessment can be qualitative or quantitative. Perform qualitative and perform quantitative risk analysis are two processes within the project risk management knowledge area, in the planning process group. While qualitative risk analysis should generally be performed on all risks, for all projects, quantitative risk analysis has a more limited use, based on the type of project, the project risks, and the availability of data to use to conduct the quantitative analysis.
Qualitative Risk Analysis
A qualitative risk analysis prioritises the identified project risks using a pre-defined rating scale. Risks will be scored based on their probability or likelihood of occurring and the impact on project objectives should they occur.
Probability/likelihood is commonly ranked on a zero to one scale (for example, .3 equating to a 30% probability of the risk event occurring).
The impact scale is organizationally defined (for example, a one to five scale, with five being the highest impact on project objectives - such as budget, schedule, or quality).
A qualitative risk analysis will also include the appropriate categorization of the risks, either source-based or effect-based.
Quantitative Risk Analysis
A quantitative risk analysis is a further analysis of the highest priority risks during a which a numerical or quantitative rating is assigned in order to develop a probabilistic analysis of the project.
A quantitative analysis:
- Quantifies the possible outcomes for the project and assesses the probability of achieving specific project objectives
- Provides a quantitative approach to making decisions when there is uncertainty
- Creates realistic and achievable cost, schedule or scope targets
In order to conduct a quantitative risk analysis, you will need high-quality data, a well-developed project model, and a prioritized lists of project risks (usually from performing a qualitative risk analysis).
Reference: CIPS study guide page 143-144
LO 3, AC 3.3
질문 # 87
Honda of America Manufacturing is a well established automobile manufacturer. It purchases tens of thousands of materials and parts from suppliers, however, only few of them are strategic. To these suppliers, Honda's procurement manager requires them to send details of labour, materials, overhead cost and profit.
However, the suppliers are reluctant to submit such confidential infor-mation. Is the procurement manager's action appropriate?
정답：B
설명：
With strategic suppliers, the aim should be to work co-operatively with them to find ways of reducing costs to achieve a target cost. It is necessary to work with the suppliers in carrying out open book costing by having first persuaded them of the need to do it. Open book can be used to establish a Target Cost, a Compensation Event value and can eventually be used to ensure the payment of actual costs to an organization. A number of forms of contract cater for this functionality of which only the NEC goes to into any great depth of methodology.
If the suppliers worry about leak of confidential information, procurement team can suggest them to sign a non-disclosure agreement. The buying organisation should also comply with data protection regulations. The Employer / individual responsible for a project's costs should ultimately take a pragmatic and sensible approach with regard to commercially or personally sensitive data provided by the contractor. The primary goal of all open book cost management is to provide Employer comfort and security in the accuracy of commercial data; this effectively means striking a balance between undertaking full audits and blind faith.
Reference: CIPS study guide page 32
LO 1, AC 1.2
질문 # 88
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