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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: The Tasks of the Test Analyst in the Test Process | - Tasks Related to Work Products - Involvement in Test Activities - Testing in the Software Development Lifecycle |
| Topic 2: Test Analysis and Test Design | - Behavior-Based Test Techniques - Rule-Based Test Techniques - Data-Based Test Techniques - Experience-based Testing |
| Topic 3: The Tasks of the Test Analyst in Risk-Based Testing | - Risk Analysis - Risk Control |
| Topic 4: Testing Quality Characteristics | - Usability Testing - Functional Testing - Flexibility Testing - Compatibility Testing |
| Topic 5: Software Defect Prevention | - Supporting Phase Containment - Defect Prevention Practices - Mitigating Recurrence of Defects |
目前，考生報考 ISQI 認證最多的科目：CTAL-TA_V4.0。選擇 CTAL-TA_V4.0 考古題準備考試只是一種方式，優點在于快速有效的幫助考生通過考試。缺點就是缺乏實踐，實踐是在平時的工作之余可以勤加練習。如果決定參加 CTAL-TA_V4.0 認證考試并通過考試，拿到屬于自己的 ISQI 的 CTAL-TA_V4.0 認證是當務之急。而 CTAL-TA_V4.0 考古題可以幫助你在準備考試時節省很多的時間，順利通過考試。
問題 #12
You are working on a project to build an application that will handle insurance claims. The main requirements for the system are that it shall:
* Allow users to enter details of claims that have been submitted by insured customers.
* Take each claim through a workflow that will allow an assessor to approve the request, reject it or request clarification from the claimant.
* Send approved requests to the accounts payable system for payment.
The solution is being developed according to the company's standard V-model methodology. The requirements are clearly documented and include a business process model. Operational profiles have been created to guide performance testing.
A risk-based approach to testing is used; frequency of use and role of the user are major factors in feature risk assessment.
System testing has almost finished but a major change to the approval workflow is just about to be delivered.
A standard regression test pack has not yet been established, but ad-hoc regression testing has already been performed on earlier builds.
As a TA. you have updated the list of product risks and must now decide the scope of the regression testing.
Which pair of techniques will be MOST effective for selecting the regression tests?
a) History-based, driven by the results of the regression tests run so far b) Risk-based, driven by the updated list of product risks and its traceability to the tests c) Operational profile-based, driven by the likely patterns of use of the relevant transactions d) Requirement traceability matrix-based, driven by the links from affected requirements to related tests e) Impact analysis, driven by consultation with technical stakeholders to identify what might be affected.
答案：D
解題說明：
The correct answer is B : risk-based selection and impact analysis . The scenario says a risk-based approach is already used and that the Test Analyst has updated the list of product risks. CTAL-TA v4.0 states that risk- based regression test selection uses traceability from the regression suite to a risk register; when a change is made and the risk register is updated, the Test Analyst adjusts the regression suite to cover the highest risk levels. That directly matches technique b .
The second required technique is impact analysis because the change is a major modification to the approval workflow. The TA must understand which workflow states, transitions, claims data, interfaces, assessor actions, clarification paths, rejection paths, approval paths, and accounts payable handoff could be affected.
CTAL-TA states that impact analysis can be used for regression test selection when the TA knows which tests interact with changed configuration items, and that regression scope must be reviewed every cycle because it may be impossible to execute all regression tests.
Option a is weak because prior regression was ad hoc and no standard regression pack exists, so history is unreliable. Option c helps performance or usage-flow prioritization but is not as directly targeted as updated product risk plus impact analysis. Option d is useful, but technical impact analysis is stronger for a major workflow change.
問題 #13
The following activity diagram, drawn in Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN), shows the process of raising a Purchase Request (PR), getting it authorized and raising a Purchase Order from it.
What is the minimum quantity of test cases that will be needed to cover all scenarios?
答案：D
解題說明：
The correct answer is B , because the BPMN model contains two executable end-to-end scenarios . CTAL- TA v4.0 classifies scenario-based testing as a behavior-based technique where the Test Analyst creates a scenario model from action sequences that form workflows through the test item. The syllabus specifically mentions activity diagrams and BPMN-style workflow models as scenario-model sources, and states that test cases are designed to cover the identified scenarios.
In the diagram, the process starts when something is needed and the merchandiser enters the details of goods wanted. The manager then decides whether to authorize the PR. From that decision, there are only two real scenario outcomes. The first is the authorized scenario : the PR is authorized, the supplier is identified, the PR is updated and a Purchase Order is created, and the Purchase Order is sent. The second is the rejected scenario : the PR is rejected, the PR is cancelled, and the merchandiser considers the consequence of rejection.
The notification/result-of-authorization flow does not create separate scenarios; it is part of the same authorized or rejected process path. The note saying the merchandiser may try again is not a modeled loop because no BPMN flow returns to the start. CTAL-TA states that when the scenario model has no loops, each scenario can be tested with a separate test case. Therefore, the minimum quantity is 2 test cases .
問題 #14
You are working on an Agile project to develop a web-based online dating service that will allow members of the service to enter their profile, meet people who would be a good match for them, arrange social events with those people and to block people with whom they do not want contact.
The features for member profile entry have been delivered and tested. The current iteration will deliver profile matching. The regression tests for profile entry will be the acceptance criteria for its user stories. These tests have not been automated yet so you have decided to perform regression testing on the basis of a checklist.
Which checklist would be BEST in these circumstances?
答案：C
解題說明：
The correct answer is A . CTAL-TA v4.0 describes checklist-based testing as an experience-based technique in which checklist items guide the tester and help avoid missing important checks. It distinguishes checklist use from fully scripted testing, but the checklist must still be concrete enough to support the objective of the test session.
Here, the goal is regression testing for profile entry. The scenario says the regression tests for profile entry will be the acceptance criteria for its user stories , but those tests have not been automated yet. Since the team needs to manually perform regression testing now, the best checklist is a read-do checklist built from the acceptance tests of the user stories. A read-do checklist is appropriate when the tester should read each item and perform it as an action. That fits manual regression execution: run this acceptance test, check the result, then proceed to the next item.
Option B is weaker because acceptance criteria are statements of expected behavior, not necessarily executable test actions. Option C is less suitable because a do-confirm checklist is used when tasks are performed from memory or normal workflow and then checked afterward; regression testing needs active, item-by-item execution. Option D combines both weaknesses: acceptance criteria instead of acceptance tests, and do-confirm instead of read-do. Reference: CTAL-TA v4.0, Section 3.4.2 Checklists Supporting Experience-Based Test Techniques .
問題 #15
Your project is developing an application to process claims against insurance policies. Which of the following is a good example of CRUD completeness testing?
答案：D
解題說明：
The correct answer is C because CRUD completeness testing is a static activity. CTAL-TA v4.0 defines CRUD as create, read, update, and delete, and states that CRUD testing verifies the lifecycle of data entities processed by the test item. The syllabus distinguishes two parts: CRUD completeness testing , which statically verifies whether all possible CRUD operations occur for every entity, and CRUD consistency testing , which dynamically checks whether functions interact correctly when handling the entity.
For an insurance-claims application, the key entity is the claim . A technical review checking whether the architecture/specification includes the ability to create, read, update, and delete claim records directly matches CRUD completeness. It is concerned with whether the full claim lifecycle has been included, not whether the lifecycle behaves correctly during execution. Option A is a strong example of CRUD consistency testing because it executes a lifecycle sequence and checks post-delete behavior. Option B is also dynamic execution, so it is not the best match for completeness. Option D is requirements elicitation completeness, not specifically CRUD completeness for the implemented claim entity. Reference: CTAL-TA v4.0, Section 3.2.1 CRUD Testing .
問題 #16
You are testing a program which should calculate the area of a trapezium and have decided to use metamorphic testing. The formula Area = (((a + b) / 2) * h) where a and b are the lengths of the two parallel sides, and h is the height when the parallel sides are horizontal.
Which ONE of the following would be an appropriate metamorphic relation?
答案：A
解題說明：
The correct answer is B , but the question is slightly under-specified as written. CTAL-TA v4.0 defines a metamorphic relation as a property that describes how a change in test input is reflected in the expected result.
It is used to create follow-up test cases from a source test case and then evaluate the source and follow-up results jointly.
For the trapezium formula, if b changes while a and h remain unchanged, the area must change, not the height. Therefore, options C and D are structurally wrong because changing an input side length does not imply a change in h . Option A is also weak because it mixes an absolute increase in b with a fixed percentage increase in area, without considering the original values of a , b , and h . Option B is the only option that correctly expresses the expected-result relationship: a percentage increase in b causes a predictable percentage increase in area . Strictly, the exact percentage depends on the contribution of b to a + b ; the shown 2/3 relation is valid when b / (a + b) = 2/3 . Reference: CTAL-TA v4.0, Section 3.3.2 Metamorphic Testing .
問題 #17
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