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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Sample collection, handling and processing - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis |
| Topic 2: Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies |
| Topic 3: Anesthesia | 13% | - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Recovery and emergency management |
| Topic 4: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy - Infection control, sanitation, isolation - Physical examination, patient assessment |
| Topic 5: Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Intraoperative and postoperative care |
| Topic 6: Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control - Multimodal analgesia protocols |
| Topic 7: Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Practice management, team collaboration - Client education, communication techniques - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance |
| Topic 8: Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities - Image quality assessment and documentation |
| Topic 9: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents - Controlled substance management - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes |
| Topic 10: Dentistry | 7% | - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography - Periodontal care and patient education - Dental anatomy, disease recognition |
>> VTNE New Dumps Questions <<
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NEW QUESTION # 1283
A horse with a pulse oximetry reading of 88% should receive what type of treatment?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Pulse oximeters are helpful in measuring the percentage of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. Animals with 95% and 100% readings are normal, and readings below 92% indicate serious illness. Animals with readings below 92% should receive supplemental oxygen immediately, concurrent with a diagnostic assessment to determine the cause.
Fluid therapy would not correct the hypoxemia.
Exploratory thoracic surgery would not be indicated with only the information provided, and initial stabilization requires oxygen even if surgery is the end result.
While the patient should receive emergency stabilization, cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not indicated when spontaneous breathing and circulation are present.
NEW QUESTION # 1284
A large animal species presents with trouble delivering the young; however, she manages to deliver without intervention in the hospital. You monitor the newborn to make sure it stands and suckles in an appropriate timeframe, keep a close eye on the mom and baby to ensure they are doing well, and make sure you do not need to intervene and administer colostrum.
Which of the following species is most likely to be standing and suckling within 2-3 hours of delivery?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Foals are usually up and standing and should be suckling within 3 hours of delivery. If they still haven't shown signs of successful suckling by 4 hours, colostrum needs to be administered (250-500ml).
Calves should be suckling within the first 2-5 hours after delivery. If, after that time, they still haven't nursed, colostrum (5-8% of their body weight) should be administered. Kids typically stand within 15 minutes and are nursing by 1-hour post parturition. Finally, lambs normally suckle within 2 hours of delivery. If needed, administer 30 ml of colostrum.
NEW QUESTION # 1285
Laryngospasm on intubation attempts may happen in any species. However, it is more common in some species vs. others. Of the following species, which are we less likely to see laryngospasm?
Answer: D
Explanation:
When intubating horses and dogs, we do not commonly appreciate laryngospasms, though it can happen in any species. However, humans, cats, small ruminants, and swine commonly exhibit spasms as the glottis closes immediately upon being touched and cannot be forced open. Besides being annoying and making intubation more challenging, it can increase the risk of hypoxia and eventual cyanosis if left unchecked, going on for too long.
To combat laryngospasms:
*Apply 2% injectable lidocaine via a syringe topically to the glottis before attempting intubation
*Wait about 30 seconds to a minute for it to be effective
*Generally, use 0.1 mL for cats (sensitive to toxicity, so use caution) and 1 to 2 mLs for pigs, sheep, and goats Additionally, ensure adequate anesthetic plane before attempting intubation as with increasing anesthetic depth, laryngospasm decreases.
Try to get it the first time. Each time you try again, you increase the change of laryngospasm in any species.
Always remember to never force the tube.
NEW QUESTION # 1286
What is the mechanism of action and purpose of diuretic medications?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The most commonly used diuretic in veterinary medicine is furosemide.
Expectorant medications increase the volume and decrease the tenacity of respiratory secretions, making them easier to clear with coughing. Guaifenesin is an example drug. Positive inotropic medications, such as digoxin, and inodilators, such as pimobendan, increase myocardial contractility (strength of heart muscle contractions). Vasodilators decrease smooth muscle tone in blood vessels to lower blood pressure. Amlodipine is a commonly used medication within this class.
NEW QUESTION # 1287
What red blood cell abnormality is described by macrocytosis, also called macrocythemia?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Macrocytosis is a term for increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), or enlargement of red blood cells (RBCs). Macrocytic red blood cells often result from regenerative anemia.
Pyknosis is a term for shrinking cells. Microcytosis is a condition in which red blood cells are abnormally small. Anisocytosis refers to variable red blood cell sizes.
NEW QUESTION # 1288
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