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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Special Collections | 12% | - Glucose tolerance & dynamic tests - Blood cultures & sterile collection - Therapeutic drug monitoring - Blood alcohol & legal collections - Pediatric & geriatric collections |
| Specimen Processing & Handling | 14% | - Specimen rejection criteria - Documentation & tracking - Transport & storage requirements - Aliquoting & preservation - Processing & centrifugation |
| Routine Blood Collections | 28% | - Order of draw & tube selection - Capillary puncture procedures - Venipuncture techniques & equipment - Tourniquet use & vein assessment - Post-collection care & labeling |
| Patient Preparation | 20% | - Requisition review & test verification - Patient identification & verification - Site selection & preparation - Informed consent & communication - Patient positioning & comfort |
| Safety and Compliance | 26% | - Infection control & OSHA standards - Bloodborne pathogens & exposure control - Quality control & error prevention - PPE & sharps disposal - HIPAA & patient confidentiality |
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NEW QUESTION # 99
A phlebotomist completes a venipuncture procedure and activates the safety mechanism on the winged infusion set up to discard it into the sharps container. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take if the sharps container is locked?
Answer: A
Explanation:
If the sharps container is locked and cannot accept the used winged infusion set, the phlebotomist should obtain a new sharps container. A contaminated needle or winged infusion set must be discarded immediately into an approved sharps container that is puncture-resistant, leak-resistant, properly labeled or color-coded, closable, and accessible at the point of use. Unlocking or forcing a container is unsafe and may expose the technician to contaminated sharps. A trash container is never acceptable for needle disposal because it creates risk for housekeeping staff, patients, and other personnel. A biohazard bag is also incorrect because bags are for regulated soft biohazard waste, not sharps; needles can puncture the bag and cause injury. The correct action is to maintain control of the activated device safely and use an appropriate replacement sharps container. This is a direct OSHA and standard-precaution issue. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; sharps disposal; safety-engineered devices; needlestick prevention; OSHA bloodborne pathogen precautions.
NEW QUESTION # 100
Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take after filling the last tube of a venipuncture procedure?
Answer: A
Explanation:
After the last tube has filled, the phlebotomist must complete the venipuncture termination sequence safely. The correct action from the choices is to withdraw the needle from the puncture site. In routine venipuncture, the tourniquet is released before needle removal, then the needle is withdrawn smoothly, the safety device is activated, and pressure is applied with clean gauze or cotton only after the needle is out. Applying cotton while the needle is still inserted can cause the needle to cut or traumatize the vein. Cleaning the site with antiseptic occurs before puncture, not after collection. A warm compress is not part of routine completion; it may be used only for selected complications or difficult venous access before collection. The NHA CPT outline specifically includes standard tourniquet removal, needle removal, safety-device use, post-procedural care, and bandaging as routine blood collection competencies. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; removing tourniquet, tubes, and needle; post-procedural patient care.
NEW QUESTION # 101
Which of the following actions is required before using a new lot number of point-of-care testing strips?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Quality control testing should be performed before using a new lot number of point-of-care testing strips. Lot-to-lot variation can affect test performance, and QC confirms that the strips, controls, meter, and operator process are producing acceptable results before patient testing begins. Freezing strips is incorrect unless a manufacturer specifically requires a storage condition, and most reagent strips have controlled storage requirements that must not be improvised. Mixing old and new lots is unsafe because it creates traceability problems and can invalidate quality control. Using strips only for "control patients" is meaningless; patient specimens should not be used to validate unverified supplies. For waived testing and point-of-care testing, the phlebotomist must follow manufacturer instructions, document QC results, check expiration dates, store materials properly, and stop patient testing when controls fail. If QC is outside range, patient results should not be reported until corrective action is completed. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; Special Collections; point-of-care testing; quality control; reagent lot verification.
NEW QUESTION # 102
Which of the following needle gauges can be used for blood donation collection?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Blood donation collection requires a large-bore needle because a full unit of blood must be collected efficiently while minimizing hemolysis and maintaining adequate flow into the collection bag. An 18-gauge needle is the correct option from the list. Blood donor collections commonly use larger needles than routine diagnostic venipuncture because donor collection volume is much greater than routine tube collection. A 25-gauge or 27-gauge needle is too small; it would slow flow excessively, increase mechanical stress on cells, and be inappropriate for donor collection. A 21-gauge needle is common for routine adult venipuncture but is not the best answer for blood donation collection because donor procedures require faster sustained flow. The phlebotomist must also confirm donor eligibility, follow blood bank protocol, use correct equipment, maintain aseptic technique, and monitor the donor for adverse reactions. The NHA CPT outline includes phlebotomy for blood donations and blood donation standards such as hemoglobin/hematocrit screening, weight, and complete screening. Reference topics: Special Collections; blood donation; needle gauge selection; donor collection standards.
NEW QUESTION # 103
Which of the following complications can a phlebotomist cause by underfilling a gray-topped tube?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Underfilling a gray-topped tube can contribute to hemolysis and specimen rejection because the blood-to-additive ratio becomes incorrect. Gray-top tubes commonly contain sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate. When the tube is underfilled, the additive concentration becomes excessive relative to the blood volume, which can damage cells and interfere with specimen integrity. Hemolysis means red blood cells rupture, releasing intracellular contents into the serum or plasma and potentially altering test results. Iatrogenic anemia is caused by excessive or repeated blood removal from a patient, not by underfilling one additive tube. "Homeostasis" is the body's general maintenance of internal stability and is not a phlebotomy complication in this context; the clinically relevant term would be hemostasis. Thrombocytosis means an elevated platelet count and is not caused by underfilling a gray-top tube. The technical lesson is blunt: additive tubes must be filled to the required volume and mixed gently by inversion. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; preanalytical error; tube fill requirements; additive ratio; hemolysis.
NEW QUESTION # 104
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