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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Competency 2: Quality Management | - Cost of quality (prevention, appraisal, internal/external failure) - Quality management philosophies (Deming, Juran, Crosby) - Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria - Total Quality Management (TQM) |
| Topic 2: Competency 7: Forecasting | - Qualitative forecasting methods - Forecast accuracy measures - Quantitative forecasting methods (moving averages, exponential smoothing) |
| Topic 3: Competency 4: Supply Chain Management | - Logistics and distribution - Sourcing and procurement - Supply chain design and strategy - Inventory management |
| Topic 4: Competency 6: Production Planning and Scheduling | - Theory of Constraints (TOC) - Aggregate planning - Just-in-Time (JIT) and Kanban systems - Master Production Schedule (MPS) - Material Requirements Planning (MRP) |
| Topic 5: Competency 1: Operations Management Fundamentals | - Operations strategy and competitive priorities - Product and service design - History and evolution of operations management |
| Topic 6: Competency 5: Capacity Planning and Facility Layout | - Facility layout types (process, product, cellular, fixed-position) - Location analysis and decisions - Capacity planning strategies |
| Topic 7: Competency 3: Process Improvement and Problem Solving | - Cause-and-effect diagrams (fishbone diagrams) - Statistical Process Control (SPC) - Lean operations and waste elimination - Six Sigma methodology - Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle |
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問題 #70
A construction company produces furnished pre-fabricated manufactured homes. The production manager has discovered the following challenges within one of the facilities:
* Production quantities are low and only a small number of homes are built efficiently.
* The facility space allows for low handling of materials.
* There is limited space available for employees to operate.
Which hybrid layout should be used to address the company's needs?
答案：B
解題說明：
The appropriate hybrid layout isgroup technology.
Group technology combines the efficiency of product layouts with the flexibility of process layouts by grouping similar products into familiesand arranging workstations intocells. Each cell is designed to handle a specific family of products from start to finish.
In the case of prefabricated homes:
* Production volumes are low
* Product designs share similarities
* Space is constrained
* Material handling must be minimized
Group technology reduces:
* Movement of materials
* Setup times
* Work-in-process inventory
* Congestion in limited spaces
The other options are not layouts:
* Process performance metrics are measurement tools
* Manufacturing technology refers broadly to automation
* Statistical reduction control is not a recognized layout concept
Operations Management promotes group technology as an effective solution forlow-volume, moderate- variety environments, especially where space efficiency and flow improvement are critical.
問題 #71
How does a just-in-time (JIT) system influence all functional areas within a company?
Choose 2 answers
答案：A,D
解題說明：
A just-in-time (JIT) system influences all functional areas byreducing wasteanddeveloping new ways to generate revenue.
First,waste reductionis the most visible and immediate effect of JIT across the organization. JIT eliminates excess inventory, waiting time, overproduction, unnecessary movement, and defects. These improvements require coordination across operations, purchasing, logistics, marketing, and finance, ensuring that all functions align with lean principles.
Second, JIT enablesnew revenue-generation opportunitiesby improving responsiveness, quality, and delivery speed. When an organization becomes more flexible and reliable, it can:
* Offer shorter lead times
* Improve customer satisfaction
* Support customization
* Compete in higher-value market segments
The remaining options are either indirect outcomes or incorrect:
* Enhancing worker ability is a supporting mechanism, not the primary systemic influence
* Demonstrating intrinsic values is cultural, not an operational outcome
* Convenience-based participation contradicts JIT discipline
Operations Management highlights that JIT is anenterprise-wide system, not a production-only method. Its benefits materialize only when all functional areas operate in synchronization.
問題 #72
What is the third basic element in the just-in-time (JIT) system if the first element is total quality management (TQM) and the second is JIT manufacturing?
答案：B
解題說明：
The third foundational element of theJust-In-Time (JIT) systemisrespect for people.
JIT is not merely a production technique; it is asocio-technical systembuilt on:
* Total Quality Management (TQM)
* JIT manufacturing (waste elimination, pull systems)
* Respect for people
Respect for people emphasizes:
* Employee involvement
* Continuous improvement (Kaizen)
* Training and skill development
* Empowerment to stop processes and solve problems
Operations Management recognizes that JIT cannot function without engaged, knowledgeable employees.
Workers are expected to identify problems, suggest improvements, and maintain quality at the source.
The other options are tools or outcomes, not core principles. Respect for people integrates human capability with operational excellence, making JIT sustainable and effective.
問題 #73
In which organizational layout would one expect to see items arranged by type?
答案：B
解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
Aprocess layoutarranges itemsby type of activity or function, making it the correct answer.
In a process layout, similar resources-such as machines, skills, or functions-are grouped together. For example, all drilling machines are located in one area, all painting stations in another, and all inspection activities in another. Items move through the facility based on the specific operations they require.
This layout is commonly used when:
* Product variety is high
* Production volume is low to moderate
* Customization is required
Examples include hospitals (radiology, surgery, labs), machine shops, and repair facilities.
The other layouts differ fundamentally:
* Product layoutarranges items by sequence of operations
* Fixed layoutkeeps the product stationary (e.g., construction)
* Hybrid layoutcombines elements of process and product layouts
Operations Management favors process layouts for flexibility, but they often suffer from longer lead times, higher material handling costs, and complex scheduling. Despite these drawbacks, they are essential where customization and functional specialization dominate.
問題 #74
Which project life cycle phase includes identifying the need for a project?
答案：A
解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
Theconception phaseof the project life cycle includesidentifying the need for a project.
During conception, organizations:
* Recognize problems or opportunities
* Define high-level objectives
* Align projects with strategic goals
* Decide whether a project should be considered
This phase precedes detailed planning and feasibility analysis. It focuses onwhya project is needed rather than howit will be executed.
The other phases occur later:
* Planning defines scope, schedule, and resources
* Feasibility analysis evaluates viability
* Execution implements the project
Project Management integrates with Operations Management when projects involve capacity expansion, process redesign, or system implementation.
問題 #75
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