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ECCouncil 312-50v13 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Sniffing and Evasion	10%	- Social Engineering 1. Social Engineering Tools and Countermeasures 2. Insider Threats and Identity Theft 3. Social Engineering Concepts 4. Social Engineering Techniques - Network Sniffing 1. MAC Flooding and Switch Port Stealing 2. ARP Spoofing 3. Sniffing Tools 4. Sniffing Concepts 5. STP Attacks and DNS Poisoning 6. Sniffing Detection and Countermeasures 7. VLAN Hopping and DHCP Starvation - Network Evasion 1. Evasion Techniques 2. Firewalls and Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems 3. IDS/Firewall Evasion Tools 4. Denial of Service Attacks
Cloud and Container Attacks	10%	- Cloud Attacks and Security 1. Container Security Tools and Countermeasures 2. Cloud Security Tools and Best Practices 3. Cloud Penetration Testing 4. Cloud Security Threats and Attacks - Cloud Computing Concepts 1. Cloud Service Models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) 2. Container Technology 3. Cloud Architecture and Deployment Models 4. Serverless Architecture
Enumeration	15%	- Enumeration Process 1. Mail Server Enumeration 2. LDAP Enumeration 3. Enumeration Countermeasures 4. SMB and SAMBA Enumeration 5. NTP Enumeration 6. VoIP Enumeration 7. NetBIOS Enumeration 8. RPC and NFS Enumeration 9. SNMP Enumeration - Enumeration Concepts 1. Enumeration Fundamentals 2. Enumeration Techniques
Vulnerability Analysis	7%	- Vulnerability Assessment Concepts 1. Vulnerability Scoring Systems 2. Vulnerability Assessment Solutions 3. Vulnerability Assessment Tools and Software
Reconnaissance Techniques	21%	- Footprinting and Reconnaissance 1. Competitive Intelligence Gathering 2. DNS Footprinting 3. Footprinting Countermeasures 4. Footprinting through Search Engines 5. Website Footprinting 6. Footprinting Tools 7. Footprinting through Web Services 8. Email Footprinting 9. Footprinting through Social Networking Sites 10. Network Footprinting 11. AWS Cloud Footprinting - Scanning Networks 1. Network Scanning Concepts 2. Proxy Servers and Anonymizers 3. Masscan 4. NIDS, NIPS, and Firewall Evasion Techniques 5. Drawing Network Diagrams 6. Banner Grabbing 7. Hping2 and Hping3 8. Port Scanning Techniques 9. Detecting Live Systems 10. Scanning Tools 11. Scanning Countermeasures 12. Nmap and Zenmap 13. Scan for Vulnerabilities
Malware Threats	8%	- Malware and Its Types 1. Malware Fundamentals 2. Types of Malware 3. APT and Futuristic Malware 4. APT Concepts - Malware Analysis and Distribution 1. Malware Detection Methods 2. Malware Analysis Techniques 3. Malware Countermeasures
System Hacking	17%	- System Hacking Methodologies 1. Escalating Privileges 2. Covering Tracks 3. Gaining Access 4. Executing Applications 5. Hiding Files 6. Cracking Passwords - System Hacking Tools and Countermeasures 1. Password Recovery Tools 2. Rootkits 3. Steganography 4. Covering Tracks Countermeasures 5. Ports and Log Files 6. Keyloggers and Spyware
Web Application Attacks	19%	- Hacking Web Servers and Web Applications 1. Web Server Attacks 2. Web Server and Web Application Countermeasures 3. Web Server Attack Methodology - Web Application Concepts and Attacks 1. Web Application Architecture 2. Authentication and Session Management Attacks 3. Web Application Password Cracking and Clickjacking 4. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Request Forgery 5. Web Application Scanning and Testing Tools 6. Injection Attacks 7. Web Application Countermeasures 8. OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities
Cryptography and Post-Exploitation	13%	- Cryptography Concepts 1. Hashing and Digital Signatures 2. Encryption Fundamentals 3. Disk Encryption and Cryptanalysis 4. Cryptography Tools 5. Code Signing and Email Encryption 6. Encryption Algorithms (Symmetric and Asymmetric) 7. Cryptography Countermeasures 8. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) - Post-Exploitation Techniques 1. Reporting and Documentation 2. Covering Tracks and Maintaining Access 3. Lateral Movement and Tunneling 4. Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) 5. Post-Exploitation Concepts
Wireless Network Attacks	9%	- Wireless Network Concepts 1. Wireless Encryption and Security 2. Wireless Network Topology and Threats 3. Wireless Terminology and Standards - Wireless Hacking Methodology 1. Bluetooth and RFID Attacks 2. Wireless Network Hacking Tools 3. Cracking WPA/WPA2 and WEP Encryption 4. Wireless Sniffing and Wardriving 5. Wireless Network Countermeasures
Information Security and Ethical Hacking Overview	6%	- Information Security Overview 1. Proactive Cyber Defense 2. Understanding Information Security 3. Information Security Threats and Attack Vectors 4. Understanding Information Security Controls 5. Understanding Information Security Laws and Standards - Ethical Hacking Overview 1. Security Testing Methodologies 2. Skills and Mindset of an Ethical Hacker 3. What is Ethical Hacking? 4. Need for Ethical Hackers 5. Governance and Compliance
Mobile Platform and IoT Attacks	7%	- Mobile Platform Attack Vectors 1. Mobile Platform Overview 2. Mobile Malware and Mobile Spyware 3. Mobile Attack Surfaces and Vulnerabilities 4. Mobile Device Management (MDM) 5. Mobile Attack Techniques 6. Mobile Security Tools and Countermeasures - IoT and OT Attacks 1. IoT Attack Tools and Countermeasures 2. IoT Vulnerabilities and Threats 3. IoT Hacking Methodology 4. OT Concepts and Attacks 5. IoT Concepts and Architecture

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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEH v13 AI) Sample Questions (Q911-Q916):

NEW QUESTION # 911
What is the proper response for a NULL scan if the port is open?

A. PSH
B. RST
C. ACK
D. SYN
E. No response
F. FIN

Answer: E

Explanation:
When a NULL scan is sent to a port on a UNIX-based system:
* If the port is OPEN: The system does not respond at all.
* If the port is CLOSED: The system responds with a RST packet.
This behavior is based on how the TCP stack processes unexpected packets.
From CEH v13 Courseware:
* Module 3: Scanning Networks
* Topic: Stealth Scanning Techniques # NULL Scan
CEH v13 Official Guide states:
"A NULL scan sends a TCP packet with no flags set. On systems following RFC 793 (like many Unix
/Linux), open ports silently drop such packets (no response), while closed ports respond with a TCP RST." Incorrect Options:
* A-E: Not standard responses for an open port in a NULL scan scenario.
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 3: Scanning Networks # NULL Scan BehaviorRFC 793 - TCP State Machine

NEW QUESTION # 912
A critical infrastructure facility has an extensive network of IoT devices integrated with its OT systems. Following a recent surge in cyberattacks on similar facilities globally, the security team received an anonymous email detailing a possible attack on their systems. The attacker allegedly plans to compromise the IoT devices and use them as a gateway to the OT systems. What should be the immediate action of the security team to mitigate this threat?

A. Deploy a machine-learning-based security solution to monitor and predict potential threats.
B. Initiate a full-scale penetration testing exercise on IoT devices to identify and patch vulnerabilities.
C. Employ an intrusion prevention system (IPS) on the network to detect and block any malicious activities.
D. Establish a secure communication protocol between IoT and OT systems with proper encryption and authentication.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Establishing secure, authenticated, and encrypted communication between IoT and OT systems immediately reduces the risk of IoT devices being abused as a pivot point, directly mitigating the attacker's stated objective of using IoT as a gateway into critical OT infrastructure.

NEW QUESTION # 913
A municipal services portal in Lexington, Kentucky includes a search parameter that retrieves citizen service requests. During an authorized security review, an analyst alters the parameter value by introducing single quotation marks, logical expressions such as AND 1=1, and variations like AND 1=2, observing how the application responds to each modification. By comparing differences in the application's output and behavior after each structured input change, the analyst evaluates whether the parameter affects the underlying query processing. Which SQL injection detection method is being applied?

A. Function Testing
B. Fuzz Testing
C. Dynamic Testing
D. Static Testing

Answer: C

Explanation:
The analyst is actively interacting with the running application by modifying input values and observing real-time changes in behavior and responses. This approach corresponds to dynamic testing, where vulnerabilities are identified by executing and evaluating the application under different controlled inputs.

NEW QUESTION # 914
You are trying to break into a highly secure mainframe system at a bank. Conventional hacking doesn't work because of strong technical defenses. You aim to exploit the human element instead.
How would you proceed?

A. Look for zero-day exploits at underground hacker websites and buy them
B. Try to hang around local pubs or restaurants near the bank, get talking to a disgruntled employee, and offer them money for sensitive access
C. Conduct a Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM) attack using DNS cache poisoning
D. Launch a DDoS attack using thousands of zombies

Answer: B

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
This is a classic example of social engineering. When a system is well-secured technically, attackers often turn to exploiting human vulnerabilities - such as:
* Talking to employees and gaining their trust
* Bribing disgruntled or low-level staff
* Gaining physical access or insider information through manipulation
From CEH v13 Courseware:
* Module 7: Social Engineering
Incorrect Options:
* A: Zero-days are rare and expensive; not always feasible.
* C: DDoS is disruptive, not data-oriented.
* D: MiTM is a complex network-based attack, unlikely effective against a hardened internal mainframe.
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 7: Psychological Approaches to Social EngineeringKevin Mitnick's "The Art of Deception" - Real-world examples of insider targeting

NEW QUESTION # 915
A government agency trains a group of cybersecurity experts to carry out covert cyber missions against foreign threats and gather intelligence without being detected. These experts work exclusively for national interests. What classification best describes them?

A. Gray hat hackers
B. Organized hackers
C. Hacktivists
D. State-sponsored hackers

Answer: D

Explanation:
CEH courseware categorizes hackers based on intent, authorization, and affiliation. State-sponsored hackers are defined as individuals or teams who conduct cyber operations on behalf of a government to advance national interests. These operations often include espionage, cyber warfare, intelligence gathering, and covert offensive actions. Unlike organized hackers or cybercriminal groups, whose motivations may include financial gain or ideological activism, state-sponsored units follow strategic directives issued by government agencies. CEH materials explain that such groups operate with access to advanced tools, long-term funding, and classified intelligence, enabling them to execute highly sophisticated and covert operations targeting foreign governments, corporations, or critical infrastructure. Hacktivists pursue political or social causes, while gray-hat hackers operate without explicit permission but without malicious intent. Only state-sponsored hackers match the scenario where cyber experts are formally trained, resourced, and authorized by a national government to conduct operations that remain undetected. Therefore, the correct classification is state- sponsored hackers.

NEW QUESTION # 916
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