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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Network Operation and Maintenance | 5% | - Monitoring and Troubleshooting
|
| Topic 2: Carrier IP Network Architecture | 10% | - Carrier Network Evolution
|
| Topic 3: IPv6 Technologies | 8% | - IPv6 Deployment
|
| Topic 4: Network Service Technologies | 10% | - Carrier Services
|
| Topic 5: BGP Advanced Technologies | 20% | - Carrier-Grade BGP
|
| Topic 6: Network Automation and SDN | 5% | - Automation Technologies
|
| Topic 7: MPLS and Segment Routing | 20% | - Carrier Transport Technologies
|
| Topic 8: IGP Advanced Technologies | 15% | - OSPF and IS-IS Advanced Features
|
| Topic 9: Network Reliability and Protection | 7% | - High Availability Design
|
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23. Frage
Which of the following statements are accurate about the SR Policy configuration shown?
Exhibit 33.1 - Original topology/configuration figure
Select all that apply.
Antwort: B,C,D
Begründung:
Exact Extract - Huawei Training Material (Automatic SDN Network O & M, p.19):
"SR-MPLS TE Policy is a new tunnel diversion technology developed based on SR. An SR-MPLS TE policy consists of the following three parts: Ingress, Color, and End point. Color indicates the extended community attribute carried in the SR-MPLS TE Policy. End point specifies the destination address of the SR-MPLS TE Policy." Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei SR-MPLS TE Policy architecture identifies an ingress, a Color Extended Community and an endpoint. Eligible BGP VPN routes can be steered to a policy when the route's BGP next hop matches the policy endpoint and its Color Extended Community matches the policy color. Candidate paths are ordered by preference, and the highest valid preference determines the active path. In the exhibit CP2 has preference 200, while CP1 has 100, so CP2 is active. The color can be transmitted as a BGP route attribute. Traffic's destination address alone is not the matching criterion for automatic color-based recursion. Thus A, C and D are correct.
Technical Deep Dive:
A, C and D are correct. The SR Policy has Color Green, Endpoint 3.3.3.3 and Binding SID 30028. CP1 carries labels 20004 and 20003 with preference 100, whereas CP2 carries 20006 and 20005 with preference
200. CP2 wins when valid because its preference is greater. A BGP service route carrying Green as its Color Extended Community and 3.3.3.3 as its next hop can recurse to that policy. The packet's own final destination may be a customer prefix unrelated to 3.3.3.3; the routing recursion matches the BGP next hop and color. The BSID identifies the policy and abstracts its current active segment list. Huawei's forwarding plane translates the selected list into the required MPLS label operations and forwards packets accordingly. Distinguishing route next hop from packet destination avoids the incorrect answer B.
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24. Frage
The system IDs for the same IS-IS device in separate processes can be identical.
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei IS-IS multi-process operation keeps separate link-state databases, neighbor state, and route calculations for distinct routing-process instances. IS-IS system IDs must be unique among nodes within the same applicable routing domain to avoid conflicting LSP identities. However, using the same system ID in independent IS-IS processes on one router is permissible when their associated routing instances do not collide. The process number distinguishes the local protocol instance; the system ID identifies the device within the relevant IS-IS domain. Accordingly the statement is true.
Technical Deep Dive:
A is TRUE. An IS-IS NET contains an area portion, a six-byte system ID, and an N-selector, typically 00. For example, 49.0001.0000.0000.0001.00 contains system ID 0000.0000.0001. Router identities must be unique within a shared LSDB because duplicate system IDs cause LSP collisions and unstable topology representation. A device can nevertheless run multiple independent IS-IS processes with separate interfaces and databases. Reusing the system ID across those distinct processes does not inherently violate the uniqueness requirement as long as each routing domain remains unique internally. This distinction is between the globally configured value on the physical device and its meaning inside a protocol domain. On VRP,
`display isis brief`, `display isis peer` and `display isis lsdb` allow engineers to check process, adjacency and LSP state.
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25. Frage
In SRv6 BE scenarios, the original IPv6 packet encapsulation structure remains unchanged. SRv6 packets continue to be IPv6 packets and can be recognized by common IPv6 devices.
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei SRv6 Best Effort uses the native IPv6 forwarding plane. The ingress may place the service SID in an outer IPv6 destination address, and ordinary IPv6-capable P routers forward according to their IPv6 FIB without needing to execute SRv6-specific endpoint behavior. SRv6 BE typically uses shortest-path transport based on IGP reachability rather than explicitly engineered segment lists. The packet remains a valid IPv6 packet that standard IPv6 routers can recognize and carry. This supports A as the intended answer, without implying that SRv6 services never add an outer IPv6 header or optional routing extension.
Technical Deep Dive:
A is TRUE. SRv6 represents forwarding instructions as 128-bit IPv6 SIDs combining a routable locator with an endpoint function and possibly arguments. In Best Effort mode an IPv6 underlay computes reachability to the destination locator; intermediate P routers perform ordinary longest-prefix-match forwarding. The SRv6- capable egress PE recognizes the local service SID and executes its behavior, such as End.DT4 for a customer IPv4 VPN. This compatibility allows gradual introduction of SRv6 services without demanding SID processing on every transit node. It is important not to interpret 'original IPv6 packet structure remains unchanged' as a guarantee of no encapsulation overhead: an outer IPv6 header may be added when carrying VPN traffic, and an SRH may be present in other SRv6 modes. The claim concerns the fundamental use of standard IPv6 forwarding and packet format rather than the absence of additional headers.
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26. Frage
Which statements about the backbone-network solution model for an IP transport network are correct?
Select all that apply.
Antwort: A,C
Begründung:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei's BGP Route Reflector implementation reduces the full-mesh IBGP requirement through RR-to-client sessions. Each client PE peers with its assigned RR or redundant RRs; the reflector forwards eligible BGP routes according to the IBGP route-reflection rules. In a conventional flat multi-cluster design, RRs representing different clusters maintain non-client IBGP relationships so that routes can be propagated between the clusters. Without RRs or an alternative scaling mechanism such as confederations, an IBGP full mesh is normally required. Clients are not required to peer directly with all other clients. These principles establish A and C in the intended deployment.
Technical Deep Dive:
A and C are correct for the conventional flat RR design. IBGP's split-horizon rule prevents routes learned from one IBGP neighbor from being sent to another ordinary IBGP neighbor. The number of full-mesh sessions across N speakers is N(N-1)/2. For 100 speakers that is 4,950 sessions, creating considerable operational overhead. An RR receives service routes from client PEs and reflects them to appropriate peers, reducing session count. PEs must have RR relationships in the architecture described by A, but not with every RR globally. In a flat multi-cluster design, inter-cluster RRs peer as non-clients, often in a full mesh. B incorrectly eliminates the normal full-mesh requirement without providing RRs or another solution, while D negates the major purpose of route reflection. Huawei uses Originator ID and Cluster List to prevent reflection loops. `display bgp peer` and `display bgp vpnv4 all peer` are useful for checking sessions.
Hierarchical RR topologies can use alternatives to a global inter-RR full mesh.
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27. Frage
As illustrated, L3VPN services are transported over an SRv6 TE Policy, with SRv6 enabled through IS-IS extensions. The network has deployed the following protection technologies, but fast fault detection has not been configured. Under normal conditions, traffic on the upper plane follows CE1 # PE1 # P1 # PE2 # CE2. If PE2 fails, which technology preferentially provides protection?
Exhibit 59.1 - Original topology/configuration figure
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei SRv6 TE Policy protection distinguishes failures of midpoint transit nodes from failure of an egress PE serving a customer VPN. Egress protection prepares an alternate egress PE capable of executing the relevant VPN forwarding service when the primary egress fails. The depicted normal path terminates at PE2, while PE4 provides redundant reachability to CE2. Midpoint repair would not by itself replace the unavailable service endpoint. Therefore egress protection is the intended mechanism when PE2 fails, regardless of whether BFD has been configured for fast detection.
Technical Deep Dive:
B is correct. Under normal operation L3VPN traffic traverses CE1 - > PE1 - > P1 - > PE2 - > CE2. PE2 is the service egress. Failure of PE2 removes the endpoint that performs the final SID behavior and VPN delivery.
Egress protection allows the repair point to redirect packets toward a backup PE such as PE4 that has suitable service forwarding information and reachability to CE2. Midpoint protection addresses transit failures rather than loss of the VPN endpoint. SRv6 TE hot standby changes segment lists or candidate paths, but alone does not necessarily provide a functioning alternate service egress. BFD would normally improve detection and switching time; without it, interface state or IGP/other fault indications can still identify a failure, with potentially slower reaction. The protection architecture must provide backup egress service state and suitable routing information to deliver the customer packet correctly.
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28. Frage
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