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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
| Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
| Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
| Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
| Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
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NEW QUESTION # 171
您是一位經驗豐富的審核團隊負責人，負責為其客戶設計網站的組織進行第三方監督審核。您目前正在審查該組織的適用性聲明。
根據 ISO/IEC 27001 的要求，以下關於適用性聲明的觀察哪兩項是正確的？
Answer: D,F
NEW QUESTION # 172
將正確的責任與第二方審核的每位參與者配對：
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
The correct responsibility with each participant of a second-party audit is:
* Prepares the audit report: Audit Team Leader. The audit team leader is responsible for coordinating the audit activities, communicating with the auditee and the customer, and preparing and delivering the audit report that summarizes the audit findings and conclusions1.
* Prepares audit checklists for use during the audit: Auditor. The auditor is responsible for collecting and verifying objective evidence during the audit, using audit checklists as a tool to guide the audit process and ensure that all relevant aspects of the audit criteria are covered1.
* Supports an auditor and provides feedback on their experience: Auditor in training. The auditor in training is a person who is learning how to perform audits under the supervision of an experienced auditor. The auditor in training supports the auditor by observing and participating in the audit activities, and provides feedback on their experience to improve their skills and competence1.
* Follows-up on audit findings within an agreed timeframe: Auditee. The auditee is the organisation that is being audited by the customer or a third party on behalf of the customer. The auditee is responsible for providing access and cooperation to the auditors, and for following up on the audit findings within an agreed timeframe, by implementing corrective actions or improvement measures as needed1.
* Provides an independent account of the audit but does not participate in the audit: Observer. The observer is a person who accompanies the audit team but does not participate in the audit activities. The observer may be a representative of the customer, a regulatory body, or another interested party. The observer provides an independent account of the audit but does not interfere with or influence the audit process or outcome1.
* Escorts the auditors but does not participate in the audit: Guide. The guide is a person who is appointed by the auditee to assist the audit team during the audit. The guide may escort the auditors to different locations, facilitate access to information and personnel, or provide clarification or explanation as requested by the auditors. The guide does not participate in the audit or influence its results1.
NEW QUESTION # 173
情境 8
Trustingo自2010年起在愛沙尼亞提供銀行和金融服務。該公司在全國擁有30家分行和100多台ATM機。為滿足嚴格的資料安全和隱私法規要求，Trustingo實施了基於ISO/IEC 27001的資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)，從而確保更高的安全性、更完善的風險管理以及對法律法規的合規性。
在成功實施資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS) 九個月後，Trustingo 決定委託獨立的認證機構，根據 ISO/IEC 27001 標準對其 ISMS 進行認證。此次認證審核涵蓋了 Trustingo 的系統、流程和技術。
審核組聯合進行了第一階段和第二階段審核，並發現了若干不符合項。
第一個不符合項與Trustingo的資訊標籤有關。該公司製定了資訊分類方案，但沒有資訊標籤程序。因此，需要相同保護等級的檔案卻被貼上了不同的標籤。
不符合項也影響了媒體處理。審核團隊採用抽樣方法，結論：50%
200個可移動儲存媒體儲存了敏感訊息，這些資訊被錯誤地歸類為機密資訊。根據分類方案，機密資訊可以儲存在可移動儲存媒體上，而敏感資訊則嚴禁儲存。
審核團隊起草了不符合項報告，並與 Trustingo 的代表討論了結論。
Trustingo 接受了審核組長提出的解決方案，並透過制定資訊標籤程序和更新可移動媒體程序來解決不符合項。
審核結束後兩週，Trustingo提交了一份總體整改計畫。雖然該計劃解決了不符合項，但缺乏詳細的行動步驟和針對特定係統的影響。因此，Trustingo收到了不利的認證建議。
問題
在外部審計中，情境 8 中的哪一項行為是不可接受的？
Answer: B
Explanation:
The unacceptable action in Scenario 8 is the audit team leader proposing a solution for resolving the nonconformities, making option A the correct answer. In external certification audits, auditors must remain impartial and independent. ISO/IEC 17021-1 strictly prohibits auditors from providing consultancy, advice, or specific solutions on how an organization should correct nonconformities.
Auditors are permitted to identify nonconformities, explain why they exist, and clarify the requirements of the standard. However, suggesting or proposing corrective solutions crosses the boundary into consultancy, which compromises auditor impartiality and could invalidate the certification process. In this scenario, Trustingo
"accepted the audit team leader's proposed solution," which clearly indicates inappropriate auditor involvement.
Option B is not correct because conducting Stage 1 and Stage 2 audits jointly can be acceptable in certain cases, such as small organizations or mature ISMS implementations, provided the certification body justifies the approach and requirements are met. Option C is also not the best answer because the classification of the nonconformity (minor or major) is an auditor judgment issue, not inherently unacceptable.
Therefore, the critical violation of external audit rules is the auditor proposing corrective solutions, making option A correct.
NEW QUESTION # 174
場景 2：Knight 是一家來自美國北加州的電子公司，開發電玩遊戲機。 Knight 在全球擁有 300 多名員工。在成立五週年之際，他們決定推出 G-Console，這是一款面向全球市場的新一代電玩遊戲機。 G-Console被認為是2021年的終極媒體機，將為玩家帶來最佳的遊戲體驗。
主機包將包括一副 VR 耳機、兩個
遊戲和其他禮物。
多年來，公司透過誠信、誠實和尊重客戶而建立了良好的聲譽。這種良好的聲譽是大多數熱衷遊戲玩家在Knight的G-console一上市就想擁有它的原因之一。
Knight 除了是一家非常以客戶為導向的公司之外，
也因其開發品質獲得了遊戲產業的廣泛認可。他們的價格比合理標準允許的要高一些。
儘管如此，對於 Knight 的大多數忠實客戶來說，這並不是一個問題，因為它們的品質是一流的。
作為世界頂級視訊遊戲機開發商之一，Knight 也經常成為惡意活動的焦點。該公司的 ISMS 已投入運作一年多了。 ISMS 範圍包括 Knight 的所有部門（財務和人力資源部門除外）。
最近，奈特的一些包含專有資訊的文件被駭客洩露。 Knight 的事件回應團隊 (IRT) 立即開始分析系統的每個部分以及事件的詳細資訊。
IRT 的第一個懷疑是 Knight 的員工使用了弱密碼，因此很容易被未經授權存取其帳戶的駭客破解。然而，在仔細調查該事件後，IRT 確定駭客透過擷取檔案傳輸協定 (FTP) 流量來存取帳戶。
FTP 是一種用於在帳戶之間傳輸檔案的網路協定。它使用明文密碼進行身份驗證。
受此資訊安全事件的影響，在IRT的建議下，Knight決定用Secure Shell (SSH)協定取代FTP，這樣任何捕獲流量的人都只能看到加密的資料。
在這些變化之後，奈特進行了風險評估，以驗證控制措施的實施是否已將類似事件的風險降至最低。該過程的結果得到了 ISMS 專案經理的批准，他聲稱實施新控制措施後的風險等級符合公司的風險接受程度。
根據該場景，回答以下問題：
FTP 使用明文密碼進行驗證。這是一個 FTP：
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 175
情境 5：Data Grid Inc. 是一家知名公司，為整個資訊科技基礎設施提供安全服務。它提供網路安全軟體，包括端點安全、防火牆和防毒軟體。二十年來，Data Grid Inc. 透過先進的產品和服務幫助多家公司保護其網路安全。 Data Grid Inc. 在資訊和網路安全領域享有盛譽，決定獲得 ISO/IEC 27001 認證，以更好地保護其內部和客戶資產並獲得競爭優勢。
Data Grid Inc. 任命了審計團隊，該團隊同意審計任務的條款。此外，Data Grid Inc.明確了審核範圍，明確了審核標準，並建議在五天內結束審核。由於Data Grid Inc.員工人數眾多，流程複雜，審計小組拒絕了Data Grid Inc.在五天內進行審計的提議。 Data Grid Inc.堅稱他們計劃在五天內完成審核，因此雙方同意在規定的時間內進行審核。審計小組遵循基於風險的審計方法。
為了獲得主要業務流程和控制的概述，審計團隊存取了流程描述和組織圖表。他們無法對 IT 風險和控制進行更深入的分析，因為他們對 IT 基礎架構和應用程式的存取受到限制。然而，審計小組表示，Data Grid Inc. 的 ISMS 出現重大缺陷的風險很低，因為該公司的大部分流程都是自動化的。因此，他們透過詢問 Data Grid Inc. 的代表以下問題來評估 ISMS 整體上符合標準要求：
*如何定義和指派 IT 和 IT 控制的職責？
*Data Grid Inc. 如何評估控制措施是否達到了預期效果？
*Data Grid Inc. 採取了哪些控制措施來保護操作環境和資料免受惡意軟體的侵害？
*是否實施了與防火牆相關的控制？
Data Grid Inc. 的代表提供了充分且適當的證據來解決所有這些問題。
審計組長起草審計結論並向Data Grid Inc. 的最高管理階層報告。
儘管審核員推薦Data Grid Inc.進行認證，但Data Grid Inc.與認證機構之間在審核目標方面產生了誤解。 Data Grid Inc. 表示，儘管審計目標包括確定潛在改進的領域，但審計團隊並未提供此類資訊。
根據該場景，回答以下問題：
基於情境5，審核小組對ISMS進行整體評估，而不是評估每個流程的有效性和符合性。這是可以接受的嗎？
Answer: C
Explanation:
Yes, assessing the ISMS as a whole can be acceptable if the audit team obtains reasonable assurance that the system conforms to the standard requirements. The approach taken by the audit team must still ensure that all significant aspects of the ISMS are evaluated adequately, and if this is achieved through a holistic assessment, it is considered sufficient.
References: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems
NEW QUESTION # 176
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