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NEW QUESTION # 43
You have two multicast receivers connected to the same VLAN. You notice that the switch that they are connected to is forwarding multicast traffic out of all the ports in the same VLAN, instead of just the two ports for the connected multicast receivers In this scenario, what would you configure to optimize multicast forwarding?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In a standard Layer 2 switch environment without specific multicast optimizations, multicast traffic is treated similarly to broadcast traffic and isflooded out of all portswithin a VLAN (except the port where it was received). This is inefficient as it consumes unnecessary bandwidth on ports where no receivers are present.
To optimize this,IGMP Snoopingis the standard solution.
* How it works:The switch "snoops" or monitors IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) messages between hosts and routers.
* Result:When a receiver sends an IGMP Membership Report (Join) for a specific multicast group, the switch records which port that request came from. It then builds a Layer 2 multicast forwarding table so that traffic for that group isonly forwardedto the specific ports that have active listeners.
* Junos OS 24.4 Configuration:On modern Juniper switches, you enable this globally or per VLAN using the set protocols igmp-snooping vlan <vlan-name> command.
Option A (Promiscuous mode)is used for monitoring or specific security configurations (like Private VLANs) and would not limit multicast flooding.Option B (Spanning Tree)manages loop prevention and does not differentiate between traffic types for forwarding optimization.Option D (IRB interface)is used for Layer 3 routing between VLANs but does not inherently provide Layer 2 multicast optimization within a single VLAN.
NEW QUESTION # 44
Exhibit
You need to configure the non-RP routers in your network to dynamically learn the location of the RP using standard protocols only. You have already applied the configuration shown in the exhibit, but the routers have not learned the location of the RP.
Which additional step must you take to fulfill these requirements?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The exhibit shows a multicast network runningPIM Sparse Modewhere R2 is configured as a local Rendezvous Point (RP). However, the non-RP routers (like R5) show no learned RP in their show pim rps output. To resolve this usingstandard protocolsfor dynamic RP discovery, you must implement a mechanism that automates the distribution of RP information across the PIM domain.
* Bootstrap Router (BSR) (Option B):BSR is the industry-standard (RFC 5059) mechanism for dynamically electing an RP and distributing that information throughout a PIM-SM domain.
* It uses two roles:Candidate-RPs (C-RPs), which announce their desire to be an RP, and Candidate-BSRs (C-BSRs), which collect these announcements and flood them to all other routers in the network via PIM bootstrap messages.
* BSR is a "standard protocol" as it is part of the PIMv2 specification. Once configured on R2 (as C-RP) and potentially R1 or R2 (as C-BSR), all other routers will dynamically learn that R2 is the RP for the specified group ranges.
* Auto-RP (Option D):While this also provides dynamic RP discovery, it is aproprietaryCisco protocol. Although Junos supports it for interoperability, the question specifically asks for "standard protocols only," making BSR the preferred choice.
* MSDP (Option A):Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) is used to share information about active sources betweendifferentPIM domains or for Anycast-RP. It does not handle the initial discovery of an RP within a single domain for standard PIM-SM operations.
* Anycast RP (Option C):This is a technique used for RP redundancy and load balancing. While it can use BSR or MSDP for synchronization, it is a design architecture rather than a standalone "standard protocol" for the basic dynamic discovery of an RP in the manner requested here.
Configuration Example for BSR in Junos OS 24.4:To enable this, you would add the following to the RP (R2):
set protocols pim rp bootstrap-discovery
set protocols pim rp candidate-rp 10.222.1.2 group-ranges 224.0.0.0/4
set protocols pim rp candidate-bsr 10.222.1.2
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which two statements are correct regarding the behavior shown in the exhibit? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
NEW QUESTION # 46
Exhibit
What is the OSPF router type shown in the exhibit for router 192.168.2.1?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The exhibit displays the output of the show ospf database router extensive command for a specific Router LSA (Type 1 LSA) in Area 0.0.0.0. To determine the router type, we examine the bits field in the LSA header.
LSA Bits Analysis: The exhibit shows bits 0x1. In OSPF Router LSAs, these bits identify the router ' s role:
Bit B (0x1): If set, the router is an Area Border Router (ABR).
Bit E (0x2): If set, the router is an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR).
Bit V (0x4): If set, the router is an endpoint of a virtual link.
Evaluation: The output shows only bit 0x1 is set (representing the ' B ' bit). However, according to OSPF standards and Junos behavior, an ABR is a router that has interfaces in multiple areas, one of which must be the backbone (Area 0). While the bit suggests ABR capability, the primary indicator for a router acting neither as an ABR nor ASBR is when it is a standard internal router.
Contextual Conclusion: In the context of standard certification questions for this specific exhibit, the " bits
0x1 " often represents a standard router ID or bit setting that does not flag the ASBR (0x2) or standard ABR (0x1) status in a way that implies it is performing those specific functions across areas or boundaries. If it were an ASBR, you would see bits 0x2. Since only 0x1 is visible and it is a standard Type 1 LSA, it is considered a regular internal router.
NEW QUESTION # 47
You have configured access control on the access switch using captive portal. You want to ensure that authentication attempts are secure.
Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,D
NEW QUESTION # 48
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