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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Application Design and Build | 20% | - Utilize persistent and ephemeral volumes - Define, build and modify container images - Choose and use appropriate workload resources - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns |
| Application Deployment | 20% | - Use Helm package manager - Work with Kustomize - Manage Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks - Implement deployment strategies |
| Services and Networking | 20% | - Troubleshoot network access - Understand and apply NetworkPolicies - Use Ingress rules - Expose applications via Services |
| Application Environment, Configuration and Security | 25% | - Apply application security settings - Configure resource requirements, limits and quotas - Create and consume Secrets - Understand authentication, authorization and admission control - Use ServiceAccounts - Work with ConfigMaps - Use custom resources and extensions |
| Application Observability and Maintenance | 15% | - Monitor applications using CLI tools - Implement probes and health checks - Debug applications in Kubernetes - Work with container logs - Understand API deprecations |
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NEW QUESTION # 99
You are deploying a new application named 'ecommerce-app' that requires 10 replicas. You want to implement a rolling update strategy that ensures only two pods are unavailable at any given time, while also allowing for the creation of three new poos simultaneously.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Update the Deployment YAMLI
- Update the 'replicas to 10.
- Define 'maxiJnavaiIabIe: 2 and 'maxSurge: 3' in the 'strategy.roIIingLJpdate section.
- Configure a 'strategy-type' to 'RollinglJpdate' to trigger a rolling update when the deployment is updated.
- Add a 'spec-template.spec.imagePullPolicy: Always' to ensure that the new image is pulled even if it exists in the pod's local cache.
2. Create the Deployment - Apply the updated YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f ecommerce-app-deployment.yaml' 3. Verify the Deployment: - Check the status of the deployment using 'kubectl get deployments ecommerce-app-deployment to confirm the rollout and updated replica count. 4. Trigger the Automatic Update: - Push a new image to the 'example/ecommerce-app:latest' Docker Hub repository. 5. Monitor the Deployment: - Use 'kubectl get pods -l app=ecommerce-apps to monitor the pod updates during the rolling update process. You will observe that two pods are terminated at a time, while three new pods with the updated image are created. 6. Check for Successful Update: - Once the deployment is complete, use 'kubectl describe deployment ecommerce-app-deployment to see that the 'updatedReplicas' field matches the 'replicas' field, indicating a successful update.
NEW QUESTION # 100
You are tasked with deploying a complex application using Helm. The application consists of multiple microservices, each with its own deployment and service. To simplify the deployment and management of these microservices, you need to implement a mecnanism that allows you to automatically create and manage namespaces based on the name of the Helm release.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a Custom Helm Chart:
- Begin by creating a custom Helm chart named 'my-app-chart' to manage the application's multiple microservices.
2. Implement a Namespace Creation Function:
- Within the 'my-app-chafltemplatesr directory, create a file named 'namespace-yamr and define the namespace creation function.
- This function uses the Helm release name to dynamically generate a namespace with the format '-namespace' 3. Add the Namespace to the Chan: - Modify the 'my-app-chart/templates/service.yamr and 'my-app-chart/templates/deployment_yamr for each microservice to ensure the deployments and services reside within the dynamically created namespace:
4. Deploy the Chart with Different Releases: - Use tne following command to deploy tne chart with different releases, each creating a separate namespace: bash nelm install release1 my-app-chart helm install release2 my-app-chart - This will create namespaces release1-namespace' and release2-namespace , each containing the deployments and services of the respective releases. 5. Manage and Clean Up: - To manage and clean up the deployments and namespaces, you can use regular Helm commands within the context or each namespace: bash kubectl --namespace release1 -namespace get pods helm delete release1 kubectl delete namespace release1-namespace - This approach provides a structured and automated method for managing multiple microservices within separate namespaces using Helm releases.,
NEW QUESTION # 101
You're managing a Kubernetes cluster with various applications. You want to implement a mechanism that automatically scales deployments based on CPU utilization. The scaling should be triggered when CPU utilization exceeds 70% and should scale down to 50% utilization.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Define the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) YAMLI
- Create an HPA YAML file named 'auto-scaler.yaml' with the following contents:
2. Apply the HPA: - Apply the HPA YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f auto-scaler.yamr. 3. Test the Auto-scaler - Monitor the CPU utilization of your deployment. When it exceeds 70%, the HPA will automatically scale up the deployment. - Observe the deployment scaling down when CPIJ utilization drops below 50%.
NEW QUESTION # 102 
Task:
A pod within the Deployment named buffale-deployment and in namespace gorilla is logging errors.
1) Look at the logs identify errors messages.
Find errors, including User "system:serviceaccount:gorilla:default" cannot list resource "deployment" [...] in the namespace "gorilla"
2) Update the Deployment buffalo-deployment to resolve the errors in the logs of the Pod.
The buffalo-deployment 'S manifest can be found at -/prompt/escargot/buffalo-deployment.yaml See the solution below.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation
Solution:
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NEW QUESTION # 103
You have a statefulset named 'wordpress-statefulset' running a WordPress application, and you're experiencing intermittent issues with the database pod, causing intermittent downtime for the application. Describe the steps you would take to diagnose the issue, including any relevant Kubernetes commands or tools.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Check Pod Logs:
- Use ' kubectl logs -c database' to examine the logs of the database pod- Look for any error messages or warnings that might indicate the cause of the intermittent issues.
2. Check Resource Utilization:
- Use 'kubectl top pods -l app=wordpress-statefulset' to check the CPU and memory usage of the database pod. High resource utilization could indicate a resource constraint issue.
3. Inspect Pod Events:
- Use ' kubectl describe pod to view the events related to the database pod. Look for events like "Back-Off' or "Failed" which could indicate restart attempts or other issues.
4. Check Persistent Volume Claims:
- Use 'kubectl describe pvc to verify the status of the persistent volume claim used by the database pod. If the claim is in an error state, this could be a source of the issue.
5. Examine Node Status:
- Use ' kubectl describe node to check the status of the node where the database pod is running. If the node is experiencing issues or is under high load, it could affect pod stability
6. Check Network Connectivity:
- Verity network connectivity between the database pod and other pods in the statefulset. use tools like 'ping' or 'nc' to test connectivity.
7. Examine Database Configuration:
- If the database pod is using a database like MySQL or PostgreSQL, Check the database configuration files for any potential issues or settings that might be causing the intermittent problems.
8. Check Deployment Strategy:
- Ensure that the statefulset's deployment strategy is appropriate for the application. Consider using a rolling update strategy with a 'maxunavailable' setting to minimize downtime during updates.
9. Debug with Tools:
- Use tools like 'kubectl exec' or 'kubectl port-forward' to access the database pod and run debugging tools or commands directly inside the container. This allows for more in-depth analysis of the issue.
10. Consult Database Logs:
- If the database itself is experiencing issues, access the database logs from within the pod to get more detailed information on errors or performance problems. ,
NEW QUESTION # 104
......
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