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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Dentistry | 8% | - Dental Procedures
|
| Topic 2: Surgical Nursing | 11% | - Perioperative Procedures
|
| Topic 3: Pain Management and Analgesia | 7% | - Pain Control
|
| Topic 4: Emergency Medicine and Critical Care | 8% | - Emergency Procedures
|
| Topic 5: Anesthesia | 15% | - Anesthetic Procedures
|
| Topic 6: Laboratory Procedures | 12% | - Diagnostic Testing
|
| Topic 7: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 12% | - Medication Preparation
|
| Topic 8: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Patient Care
|
| Topic 9: Diagnostic Imaging | 7% | - Imaging Techniques
|
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質問 # 505
Which of the following is a potential complication of tooth extraction?
正解：A
解説：
Iatrogenic jaw fractures can occur with extraction of any mandibular teeth and in any dog. However, it is more common with small dogs, especially those with extensive periodontal disease and alveolar bone loss.
Other common complications of tooth extraction include infection, dehiscence, prolonged bleeding, swelling, bruising, sinus exposure, nerve injury, bone fragments, and osteonecrosis.
Enamel dysplasia is a developmental abnormality that can be hereditary, traumatic, or secondary to systemic disease (distemper, for example).
Wry bite is a malocclusion of the upper and lower incisors due to unilateral asymmetry of the maxilla and mandible. It is caused by one side of the jaw growing more than the other side, often due to trauma during development, but hereditary causes are possible.
Dilaceration is a developmental abnormality resulting in a sharp bend in either the crown or root.
質問 # 506
When placing a patient in position for thoracolumbar (back) surgery, all of the following would be appropriate, except:
正解：B
解説：
When preparing a patient for thoracolumbar surgery, patients are usually placed in ventral recumbency or lying on the belly/abdomen, regardless of where the surgery will be performed on the back. Additionally, sandbags or a v-trough may help keep the patient in place or from leaning to one side.
The forelimbs will be extended cranially and secured. At the same time, the hind will be kept in a natural seated or squatting position.
A strip of adhesive used across the shoulders may further assist in keeping the patient in position and prevent motion.
Patients are placed in dorsal recumbency for cervical spinal surgery.
質問 # 507
What is a Gelpi retractor?
正解：B
解説：
A Gelpi retractor is a self-retaining retractor with single-pointed tips that ratchets to hold tissue apart. Gelpi retractors are used to expand tissue during surgery to grant the surgeon access to the desired organ or location. It is self-retaining, which means that it can be "set" in place and will not require the constant attention of the surgical assistant.
A Backhaus clamp is a locking device with curved, pointed tips used to secure drapes to a patient's skin or hold tissue in place. A Hohmann retractor is a handheld retractor used to lever tissue away from bone during surgery. A Weitlaner retractor is a self-retaining retractor with blunt raked tips that ratchets to hold tissue apart.
質問 # 508
Which stain is typically used to evaluate core bone marrow samples?
正解：D
解説：
Core bone marrow samples should be evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin stain. In contrast, bone marrow aspirates are better assessed using a Romanowsky stain (Wright, Giemsa, and Diff-Quik).
Papanicolaou stains are generally used for accentuating nuclear detail, most commonly used in human gynecology.
We perform gram staining to identify bacterial agents based on the cell wall structure. Gram-negative organisms stain pink, while gram-positive will stain purple.
Most veterinary practices do not routinely stock non-Romanowsky-type stains as they are costly and would mainly go unused. Thus, do not apply stain prior to sending to the lab unless otherwise directed or always ensure to provide unstained with any stained slides sent.
質問 # 509
You are discharging a dog from a dental procedure with extractions. You tell the client that the dog didn't have any dental caries, and she looks a bit dumbfounded and asks what that means.
You may explain dental caries as all of the following, except:
正解：A
解説：
Dental caries, also known as cavities, occur due to demineralization secondary to bacteria causing acid erosion of the enamel and dentin. They will present as lesions on the occlusal surface (or biting surface) of the molars of both the top and bottom jaw. The incisal surface refers to the biting edge associated with the canines and incisors.
You can definitely explain that we evaluate the molars and premolars for caries using a probe and other instruments to assess defects, fissures, and abnormalities in the teeth. Additionally, radiographs further help identify teeth with abscesses, cavities, or other abnormalities that warrant extraction.
質問 # 510
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VTNE日本語学習内容: https://www.tech4exam.com/VTNE-pass-shiken.html