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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: EMS Operations | - Operational procedures
|
| Topic 2: Medical, Obstetrics & Pediatrics | - Medical emergencies
|
| Topic 3: Airway, Respiration & Ventilation | - Airway management
|
| Topic 4: Cardiology & Resuscitation | - Cardiac emergencies
|
| Topic 5: Trauma | - Traumatic injuries
|
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NEW QUESTION # 174
A 67-year-old patient reports crushing chest pressure. The vital signs are BP 156/98, P 64, R 14, and SpO2 94%. What treatments should the EMT provide first? Select the two correct options.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The patient's symptoms are consistent withacute coronary syndrome (ACS). Thefirst-line treatmentsare:
* Aspirin(160-325 mg): inhibits platelet aggregation, reducing clot progression.
* Oxygen: administered when SpO# <94% or signs of hypoxia/distress are present.
CPAPis for pulmonary edema or respiratory failure.Nitroglycerinrequires BP >90 systolic and medical direction approval. Laying the patient supine may increase myocardial workload and is inappropriate unless hypotension occurs.
References:
NREMT Cardiology and Resuscitation Guidelines
AHA ACLS Provider Manual (2020) - Acute Coronary Syndrome Treatment
National EMS Education Standards - Cardiovascular Emergencies
NEW QUESTION # 175
Which of the following techniques are appropriate for examining a patient with an acute abdomen?
Select the two correct options.
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
In patients with acute abdominal pain, you mustfirst inspect (visualize)for distension, discoloration, or masses beforetouching. Palpation always beginsaway fromthe most painful area. The patient should be in asupine position with knees flexedto relax the abdominal muscles and ease the exam.
Palpating a pulsating masscould rupture an abdominal aortic aneurysm and is contraindicated.
References:
NREMT Cognitive Exam Blueprint - Medical Emergencies
Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured (AAOS, 11th ed.) - Chapter: Abdominal and GI Emergencies EMT-B National Standard Curriculum, Module: Medical Emergencies
NEW QUESTION # 176
Defusing sessions should do which of the following in order to be successful? Select the two correct options.
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Defusing is an informal, short-term intervention after a critical incident. It should:
* Occur within hours of the event (ideally the same shift)
* Encourage voluntary open discussion in a confidential setting
It is not a full debrief or counseling session and doesn't require mental health professionals present.
Forcing participation or waiting too long (e.g., 72+ hours) can reduce its effectiveness.
References:
NREMT EMS Operations - Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)
International Critical Incident Stress Foundation (ICISF) Guidelines
National EMS Education Standards - Mental Health and Stress Response
NEW QUESTION # 177
Which of the following patient presentations at a mass casualty incident would indicate a red triage priority?
Select the two answer options that are correct.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
The correct answers are B. Respiratory rate of 32 and C. Decorticate posturing.
This question is based on START triage (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment), which is used in mass casualty incidents to rapidly categorize patients.
Red (Immediate) category includes patients with:
* Respiratory rate greater than 30 breaths/min
* Poor perfusion (capillary refill > 2 seconds or no radial pulse)
* Altered mental status (unable to follow commands)
Why B is correct:
* A respiratory rate of 32 breaths per minute exceeds the START triage threshold of 30.
* NREMT triage guidance states:
* "If respirations are greater than 30 per minute, tag the patient as immediate (red)." Why C is correct:
* Decorticate posturing indicates severe brain injury and altered mental status.
* These patients cannot follow commands, placing them in the red (immediate) category.
Why the other options are incorrect:
* A. Pulselessness: In START triage, pulseless and apneic patients are categorized as black (deceased
/expectant), not red.
* D. Controlled major hemorrhage: If bleeding is controlled and no other critical findings are present, the patient may be delayed (yellow).
* E. Inability to flex the right knee: This is an isolated orthopedic injury and typically categorized as minor (green) or delayed.
Exact Extracts:
* "Respirations greater than 30 per minute # Immediate (red)."
* "Patients unable to follow commands are categorized as immediate."
* "Apneic patients who do not resume breathing are tagged deceased."
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - EMS Operations (Mass Casualty Incidents) NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP) - Triage and Incident Management START Triage Guidelines (endorsed in EMS education standards)
NEW QUESTION # 178
Which patient is the highest priority, and which patient is the lowest priority during a mass casualty event?
Move each patient into the Answer Area to correctly order the patients from the highest priority to the lowest priority.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
* A patient with a flail chest
* A patient with a fractured tibia and fibula
* A patient with burns to the hands
* A patient in cardiac arrest
In an MCI, EMTs use triage to do the greatest good for the greatest number . That means patients with immediately life-threatening but potentially survivable problems are treated before patients with minor injuries, and patients in cardiac arrest are generally placed last because full resuscitation is not started during primary MCI triage.
A flail chest is the highest priority here because it can rapidly cause severe respiratory compromise and is considered an immediate life threat. A fractured tibia and fibula is serious, but it usually does not outrank a major breathing problem, so it falls into a lower priority group. Burns to the hands are important, especially functionally, but isolated hand burns are usually not as urgent as major chest trauma or significant long-bone injury during triage. A patient in cardiac arrest is the lowest priority in standard MCI triage because triage systems such as START do not direct rescuers to spend time on full arrest resuscitation while multiple salvageable patients still need care.
NEW QUESTION # 179
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