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Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer Certification Exam은 Google Cloud 플랫폼에서 확장 가능하고 효율적인 머신 러닝 모델을 설계, 구축 및 배포 할 때 머신 러닝 엔지니어의 능력을 검증하는 전문 인증입니다. 인증 시험은 기계 학습 개념, 데이터 전처리, 모델 선택, 하이퍼 파라미터 튜닝, 모델 평가 및 배포에서 후보자의 숙련도를 테스트하도록 설계되었습니다.

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Google Professional Machine Learning 엔지니어 인증을 달성하면 Google Cloud Technologies를 사용하여 기계 학습 모델을 설계하고 구현하는 후보자의 능력을 보여 주며 경력 발전 기회와 직업 전망을 증가시킬 수 있습니다. 기계 학습 분야에서 인증을받은 인증이며 전 세계 업계 전문가들에 의해 인정됩니다.

최신 Google Cloud Certified Professional-Machine-Learning-Engineer 무료샘플문제 (Q341-Q346):

질문 # 341
You work for a gaming company that manages a popular online multiplayer game where teams with 6 players play against each other in 5-minute battles. There are many new players every day. You need to build a model that automatically assigns available players to teams in real time. User research indicates that the game is more enjoyable when battles have players with similar skill levels. Which business metrics should you track to measure your model's performance? (Choose One Correct Answer)

A. Average time players wait before being assigned to a team
B. Precision and recall of assigning players to teams based on their predicted versus actual ability
C. User engagement as measured by the number of battles played daily per user
D. Rate of return as measured by additional revenue generated minus the cost of developing a new model

정답：C

설명：
The best business metric to track to measure the model's performance is user engagement as measured by the number of battles played daily per user. This metric reflects the main goal of the model, which is to enhance the user experience and satisfaction by creating balanced and fair battles. If the model is successful, it should increase the user retention and loyalty, as well as the word-of-mouth and referrals. This metric is also easy to measure and interpret, as it can be directly obtained from the user activity data.
The other options are not optimal for the following reasons:
* A. Average time players wait before being assigned to a team is not a good metric, as it does not capture the quality or outcome of the battles. It only measures the efficiency of the model, which is not the primary objective. Moreover, this metric can be influenced by external factors, such as the availability and demand of players, the network latency, and the server capacity.
* B. Precision and recall of assigning players to teams based on their predicted versus actual ability is not a good metric, as it is difficult to measure and interpret. It requires having a reliable and consistent way of estimating the player's ability, which can be subjective and dynamic. It also requires having a ground truth label for each assignment, which can be costly and impractical to obtain. Moreover, this metric does not reflect the user feedback or satisfaction, which is the ultimate goal of the model.
* D. Rate of return as measured by additional revenue generated minus the cost of developing a new model is not a good metric, as it is not directly related to the model's performance. It measures the profitability of the model, which is a secondary objective. Moreover, this metric can be affected by many other factors, such as the market conditions, the pricing strategy, the marketing campaigns, and the competition.
:
Professional ML Engineer Exam Guide
Preparing for Go ogle Cloud Certification: Machine Learning Engineer Professional Certificate Google Cloud launches machine learning en gineer certification How to measure user engagement How to choose the right metrics for your machine learning model

질문 # 342
You have been asked to productionize a proof-of-concept ML model built using Keras. The model was trained in a Jupyter notebook on a data scientist's local machine. The notebook contains a cell that performs data validation and a cell that performs model analysis. You need to orchestrate the steps contained in the notebook and automate the execution of these steps for weekly retraining. You expect much more training data in the future. You want your solution to take advantage of managed services while minimizing cost.
What should you do?

A. Extract the steps contained in the Jupyter notebook as Python scripts, wrap each script in an Apache Airflow BashOperator, and run the resulting directed acyclic graph (DAG) in Cloud Composer.
B. Write the code as a TensorFlow Extended (TFX) pipeline orchestrated with Vertex AI Pipelines. Use standard TFX components for data validation and model analysis, and use Vertex AI Pipelines for model retraining.
C. Move the Jupyter notebook to a Notebooks instance on the largest N2 machine type, and schedule the execution of the steps in the Notebooks instance using Cloud Scheduler.
D. Rewrite the steps in the Jupyter notebook as an Apache Spark job, and schedule the execution of the job on ephemeral Dataproc clusters using Cloud Scheduler.

정답：B

설명：
The best option for productionizing a Keras model is to use TensorFlow Extended (TFX), a framework for building end-to-end machine learning pipelines that can handle large-scale data and complex workflows. TFX provides standard components for data ingestion, transformation, validation, analysis, training, tuning, serving, and monitoring. TFX pipelines can be orchestrated with Vertex AI Pipelines, a managed service that runs on Google Cloud Platform and leverages Kubernetes and Argo. Vertex AI Pipelines allows you to automate the execution of your TFX pipeline steps, schedule retraining jobs, and scale up or down the resources as needed. By using TFX and Vertex AI Pipelines, you can take advantage of the following benefits:
* You can reuse the existing code in your Jupyter notebook, as TFX supports Keras as a first-class citizen. You can also use the Keras Tuner to optimize your model hyperparameters.
* You can ensure data quality and consistency by using the TFX Data Validation component, which can detect anomalies, drift, and skew in your data. You can also use the TFX SchemaGen component to generate a schema for your data and enforce it throughout the pipeline.
* You can analyze your model performance and fairness by using the TFX Model Analysis component, which can produce various metrics and visualizations. You can also use the TFX Model Validation component to compare your new model with a baseline model and set thresholds for deploying the model to production.
* You can deploy your model to various serving platforms by using the TFX Pusher component, which can push your model to Vertex AI, Cloud AI Platform, TensorFlow Serving, or TensorFlow Lite. You can also use the TFX Model Registry to manage the versions and metadata of your models.
* You can monitor your model performance and health by using the TFX Model Monitor component, which can detect data drift, concept drift, and prediction skew in your model. You can also use the TFX Evaluator component to compute metrics and validate your model against a baseline or a slice of data.
* You can reduce the cost and complexity of managing your own infrastructure by using Vertex AI Pipelines, which provides a serverless environment for running your TFX pipeline. You can also use the Vertex AI Experiments and Vertex AI TensorBoard to track and visualize your pipeline runs.
References:
* [TensorFlow Extended (TFX)]
* [Vertex AI Pipelines]
* [TFX User Guide]

질문 # 343
You need to use TensorFlow to train an image classification model. Your dataset is located in a Cloud Storage directory and contains millions of labeled images Before training the model, you need to prepare the data. You want the data preprocessing and model training workflow to be as efficient scalable, and low maintenance as possible. What should you do?

A. 1 Create a Jupyter notebook that uses an n1-standard-64, V100 GPU Vertex Al Workbench instance.
2 Write a Python scnpt that copies the images into multiple Cloud Storage directories, where each directory is named according to the corresponding label.
3 Reference tf ds. f older_dataset. imageFolder in the training script.
4. Train the model by using the Workbench instance.
B. 1 Create a Dataflow job that creates sharded TFRecord files in a Cloud Storage directory.
2 Reference tf .data.TFRecordDataset in the training script.
3. Train the model by using Vertex Al Training with a V100 GPU.
C. 1 Create a Dataflow job that moves the images into multiple Cloud Storage directories, where each directory is named according to the corresponding label.
2 Reference tfds.fclder_da-asst.imageFclder in the training script.
3. Train the model by using Vertex AI Training with a V100 GPU.
D. 1 Create a Jupyter notebook that uses an n1-standard-64, V100 GPU Vertex Al Workbench instance.
2 Write a Python script that creates sharded TFRecord files in a directory inside the instance
3. Reference tf. da-a.TFRecrrdDataset in the training script.
4. Train the model by using the Workbench instance.

정답：B

설명：
TFRecord is a binary file format that stores your data as a sequence of binary strings1. TFRecord files are efficient, scalable, and easy to process1. Sharding is a technique that splits a large file into smaller files, which can improve parallelism and performance2. Dataflow is a service that allows you to create and run data processing pipelines on Google Cloud3. Dataflow can create sharded TFRecord files from your images in a Cloud Storage directory4.
tf.data.TFRecordDataset is a class that allows you to read and parse TFRecord files in TensorFlow. You can use this class to create a tf.data.Dataset object that represents your input data for training. tf.data.Dataset is a high-level API that provides various methods to transform, batch, shuffle, and prefetch your data.
Vertex AI Training is a service that allows you to train your custom models on Google Cloud using various hardware accelerators, such as GPUs. Vertex AI Training supports TensorFlow models and can read data from Cloud Storage. You can use Vertex AI Training to train your image classification model by using a V100 GPU, which is a powerful and fast GPU for deep learning.
References:
* TFRecord and tf.Example | TensorFlow Core
* Sharding | TensorFlow Core
* Dataflow | Google Cloud
* Creating sharded TFRecord files | Google Cloud
* [tf.data.TFRecordDataset | TensorFlow Core v2.6.0]
* [tf.data: Build TensorFlow input pipelines | TensorFlow Core]
* [Vertex AI Training | Google Cloud]
* [NVIDIA Tesla V100 GPU | NVIDIA]

질문 # 344
You are designing an ML recommendation model for shoppers on your company's ecommerce website. You will use Recommendations AI to build, test, and deploy your system. How should you develop recommendations that increase revenue while following best practices?

A. Use the "Other Products You May Like" recommendation type to increase the click-through rate.
B. Import your user events and then your product catalog to make sure you have the highest quality event stream.
C. Use the "Frequently Bought Together" recommendation type to increase the shopping cart size for each order.
D. Because it will take time to collect and record product data, use placeholder values for the product catalog to test the viability of the model.

정답：C

설명：
https://cloud.google.com/recommendations-ai/docs/placements#rps

질문 # 345
You work for the AI team of an automobile company, and you are developing a visual defect detection model using TensorFlow and Keras. To improve your model performance, you want to incorporate some image augmentation functions such as translation, cropping, and contrast tweaking. You randomly apply these functions to each training batch. You want to optimize your data processing pipeline for run time and compute resources utilization. What should you do?

A. Embed the augmentation functions dynamically as part of Keras generators.
B. Use Dataflow to create all possible augmentations, and store them as TFRecords.
C. Embed the augmentation functions dynamically in the tf.Data pipeline.
D. Use Dataflow to create the augmentations dynamically per training run, and stage them as TFRecords.

정답：C

설명：
The best option for optimizing the data processing pipeline for run time and compute resources utilization is to embed the augmentation functions dynamically in the tf.Data pipeline. This option has the following advantages:
It allows the data augmentation to be performed on the fly, without creating or storing additional copies of the data. This saves storage space and reduces the data transfer time.
It leverages the parallelism and performance of the tf.Data API, which can efficiently apply the augmentation functions to multiple batches of data in parallel, using multiple CPU cores or GPU devices. The tf.Data API also supports various optimization techniques, such as caching, prefetching, and autotuning, to improve the data processing speed and reduce the latency.
It integrates seamlessly with the TensorFlow and Keras models, which can consume the tf.Data datasets as inputs for training and evaluation. The tf.Data API also supports various data formats, such as images, text, audio, and video, and various data sources, such as files, databases, and web services.
The other options are less optimal for the following reasons:
Option B: Embedding the augmentation functions dynamically as part of Keras generators introduces some limitations and overhead. Keras generators are Python generators that yield batches of data for training or evaluation. However, Keras generators are not compatible with the tf.distribute API, which is used to distribute the training across multiple devices or machines. Moreover, Keras generators are not as efficient or scalable as the tf.Data API, as they run on a single Python thread and do not support parallelism or optimization techniques.
Option C: Using Dataflow to create all possible augmentations, and store them as TFRecords introduces additional complexity and cost. Dataflow is a fully managed service that runs Apache Beam pipelines for data processing and transformation. However, using Dataflow to create all possible augmentations requires generating and storing a large number of augmented images, which can consume a lot of storage space and incur storage and network costs. Moreover, using Dataflow to create the augmentations requires writing and deploying a separate Dataflow pipeline, which can be tedious and time-consuming.
Option D: Using Dataflow to create the augmentations dynamically per training run, and stage them as TFRecords introduces additional complexity and latency. Dataflow is a fully managed service that runs Apache Beam pipelines for data processing and transformation. However, using Dataflow to create the augmentations dynamically per training run requires running a Dataflow pipeline every time the model is trained, which can introduce latency and delay the training process. Moreover, using Dataflow to create the augmentations requires writing and deploying a separate Dataflow pipeline, which can be tedious and time-consuming.
Reference:
[tf.data: Build TensorFlow input pipelines]
[Image augmentation | TensorFlow Core]
[Dataflow documentation]

질문 # 346
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