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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Surgical Nursing | 11% | - Perioperative Procedures
|
| Topic 2: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Patient Care
|
| Topic 3: Pain Management and Analgesia | 7% | - Pain Control
|
| Topic 4: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 12% | - Medication Preparation
|
| Topic 5: Anesthesia | 15% | - Anesthetic Procedures
|
| Topic 6: Laboratory Procedures | 12% | - Diagnostic Testing
|
| Topic 7: Diagnostic Imaging | 7% | - Imaging Techniques
|
| Topic 8: Dentistry | 8% | - Dental Procedures
|
| Topic 9: Emergency Medicine and Critical Care | 8% | - Emergency Procedures
|
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NEW QUESTION # 710
Captive reptiles must be kept in controlled environments since their environments control their body temperatures. What is the humidity range that is best for captive reptiles?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The humidity range that is best for most captive reptiles is 50% to 70%.
The temperature for captive reptiles should not fall below 75 degrees Fahrenheit (23.9 degrees Celsius) or rise above 90 degrees Fahrenheit (32.2 degrees Celsius).
Joanna M. Bassert, VMD. McCurnin's Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, 9th Edition. Pg 783.
Mosby's Comprehensive Review for Veterinary Technicians 5th Edition. Pg 390.
NEW QUESTION # 711
In small animal and exotic veterinary practice, proper handling and restraint are paramount when evaluating pet birds. Which of the following would not be considered appropriate when discussing restraint and handling of one of these birds?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Commonly kept pet birds generally fall into the order of psittaformes (psittacines). Psittacines include cockatoos, lories, budgies, cockatiels, and parrots, including the large macaw species.
Birds, in general, have much thinner and more delicate skin than mammals. Feather fluffing conserves heat like that of piloerection in mammalian species. Because of the ability to fly, they have pneumatic (hollow) bones, such as the humerus and femur. These are very lightweight in nature. Additionally, they have air sacs in direct contact with proximal bones.
Further, to enable flight, birds have one coelomic cavity; thus, they have no diaphragm. The trachea has complete cartilaginous rings throughout. Knowing this helps explain why restraint can be so easily deadly and why care is needed to ensure a bird's safety.
Birds naturally use the flight component of fight or flight. Because of this, going slowly, speaking softly, and darkening the room or covering their eyes may help ease their stress. Additionally, you never want to reach into a carrier and directly grab a bird. This can easily provide stress and hurt them. You want to either allow them to fly in the room, take them from a perch, or, if trained, have them step up onto your arm so you can catch them easily and safely. With both small and larger birds, you can gently take hold from behind the head using a small towel or your bare hand. However, you never want to hold them by the sternum because of their lack of a diaphragm, respiratory oxygen exchange physiology, thinner skin, and more. You want to prevent squeezing of the coelomic cavity.
Once you have caught the bird, two hands can be used with small birds, with one restraining the head and the wings and the other hand, the legs. For larger birds, it's most common to use a towel to control the head and beak. The feet can be secured with the remaining hand, but you must ensure with all birds that the wings are restrained without restricting the keel's movement.
NEW QUESTION # 712
What nutrient must you ensure is in appropriate quantities in a pregnant mare's diet to prevent white muscle disease in the foal?
Answer: C
Explanation:
White muscle disease is recognized in ruminants, pigs, and horses. Diets lacking in selenium or low in selenium lead to white muscle disease, also known as nutritional myodegeneration. This is well-recognized in newborn foals whose mothers didn't consume selenium-rich feed. Muscle damage can be significant and include the myocardium. Animals may have difficulty swallowing, walking, tying up (muscle stiffness), trembling, difficulty rising, and fast or irregular heartbeats. Further organ damage and death may result if left untreated.
Vitamin E deficiency is associated with white muscle disease in adult animals, though a direct cause and effect hasn't been fully elucidated, as selenium therapy usually reverses the damage with or without vitamin E. Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant amongst other key roles.
Vitamin A is important for β carotene and other necessities. This water-soluble vitamin benefits vision, growth and development, immune system health, and other physiologic functions. Requirements vary depending on age.
Calcium and phosphorus, in well-defined ratios, are required for numerous physiological processes, including growth. However, a deficiency in the mare and subsequently in the neonate would lead to rickets, not white muscle disease.
NEW QUESTION # 713
In pharmacology, what is an antagonist?
Answer: A
Explanation:
An antagonist is a drug that counters the effect of another substance, the agonist.
An agonist is a drug that binds to and activates a receptor. A chemotherapy agent is a drug used to kill cells and/or microorganisms, often used in the treatment of cancers or immune-mediated diseases. A diuretic drug alters how the kidneys balance body water.
NEW QUESTION # 714
What is a common side effect of corticosteroid administration?
Answer: B
Explanation:
While glucocorticoids (corticosteroid medications) can be extremely effective at reducing inflammation, there are risks associated with long-term use and/or high doses. Side effects include delayed wound healing, polyuria (increased urination), and polydipsia (increased thirst). Steroid use is also associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus.
NEW QUESTION # 715
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