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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Tunnels | 5-8% | - GRE and IP-IP tunnels - Tunnel configuration and usage |
| High Availability | 5-8% | - NSR and GRES concepts - Nonstop active routing - Graceful restart |
| Layer 2 Bridging and VLANs | 8-12% | - VLANs and trunking - Bridging concepts - Service provider switching features |
| Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) | 20-25% | - Configuration and troubleshooting - Basic operation and message types - IBGP and EBGP - Policy and route filtering - Path selection and attributes |
| IPv6 | 8-12% | - Address types and format - Static and dynamic routing - OSPFv3 and BGP for IPv6 - Autoconfiguration |
| Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) | 12-18% | - Configuration and monitoring - LDP and RSVP - Terminology and forwarding - Segment routing basics - Labels and LIB |
| Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) | 10-15% | - PDUs and TLVs - Metrics and wide metrics - Configuration and monitoring - Adjacencies and levels |
| Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) | 15-20% | - Link-state database - Configuration and troubleshooting - Areas and router types - LSA types and operation |
| Spanning Tree Protocols | 8-12% | - Port roles and states - STP, RSTP, MSTP, VSTP - BPDU and protection features - Configuration and convergence |
| Protocol-Independent Routing | 10-15% | - Static, aggregate, and generated routes - Martian addresses - Filter-based forwarding - Routing instances and RIB groups - Load balancing |
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NEW QUESTION # 76
You must ensure that your routing platform with redundant REs continues to forward packets, even if one RE fails. Which technology would you use to accomplish this task?
Answer: B
Explanation:
For Juniper platforms equipped with dualRouting Engines (REs), the fundamental technology required to provide high availability during a hardware or software failure of the primary RE isGraceful Routing Engine Switchover (GRES).
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, GRES allows the backup RE to stay in a "hot" standby state. When GRES is enabled, the primary RE synchronizes critical state information with the backup RE, specifically thechassis stateand theinterface state. This synchronization includes the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) configuration.
When the primary RE fails, the backup RE takes over immediately. Because the PFE (which resides on the line cards) was already synchronized and is not restarted during the switchover, the routercontinues to forward packetsthat are already in flight or part of established flows. This prevents a complete network outage during an RE failover.
Comparison with other options:
* NSB (Non-Stop Bridging - Option A):Focuses specifically on maintaining Layer 2 protocol states (like STP) during a switchover.
* LAG (Link Aggregation - Option B):Provides redundancy for physical links, not the control plane or the RE.
* BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection - Option C):Is a protocol used for rapid detection of link or neighbor failures; it does not protect the RE or maintain forwarding during an internal switchover.
It is important to note that while GRES maintains theforwardingstate, it does not by itself maintain therouting protocolstate (adjacencies). To keep OSPF or BGP sessions from dropping during the switchover, GRES must be paired withNon-Stop Active Routing (NSR). However, as the question focuses on the core requirement of continuing to forward packets,GRESis the foundational technology.
NEW QUESTION # 77
Which two events cause a static route to be removed from a routing table? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
In Junos OS, astatic routeis a manually configured entry in the routing table. Unlike dynamic routes, which have built-in timers and aging mechanisms, static routes are generally "permanent" as long as their conditions for validity are met.
1. Manual Removal (Option A):
Since static routes are explicitly defined by the administrator, the most direct way to remove one is through a configuration change. Using the delete routing-options static route <prefix> command followed by a commit will immediately remove the route from the Routing Information Base (RIB).
2. Next-Hop Reachability (Option B):
For a static route to be "active" and installed in the forwarding table, itsnext-hop must be reachable. If a static route points to a specific physical interface or an IP address on a local segment, and thatoutbound interface becomes unavailable(e.g., the link goes "Down"), the Junos kernel detects that the next-hop is no longer viable. Consequently, the route is marked as "hidden" or "inactive" and is removed from the active forwarding table to prevent traffic from being black-holed.
Why other options are incorrect:
* Aging (Option C):Static routes do not have an expiration timer based on traffic. Even if no packet is sent for years, the route remains as long as the interface is up.
* Remote Reachability (Option D):Standard static routes only track the status of the local interface or the immediate next-hop. They do not possess "end-to-end" visibility. If a host two hops away fails, the local router has no way of knowing this via the static route itself. To achieve this level of tracking, features likeRPM (Real-time Performance Monitoring)orBFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection)must be linked to the static route.
NEW QUESTION # 78
Which configuration selling prohibits a static route from being redistributed by a dynamic routing protocol?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The no-readvertise policy statement is used to prevent a static route from being redistributed into a dynamic routing protocol. This setting ensures that routes that are configured statically are not advertised out via dynamic routing protocols such as OSPF or BGP.
NEW QUESTION # 79
What prevents routing loops in a single-area OSPF network?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In OSPF, loop prevention within a single area is achieved through the fundamental nature of its link-state architecture. Unlike distance-vector protocols that rely on "routing by rumor," OSPF ensures that every router within an area maintains an identicalLink-State Database (LSDB). This database acts as a complete map of the network topology.
Once the LSDB is synchronized, each router independently executes theShortest Path First (SPF) algorithm
, which is formally known as theDijkstra algorithm. This mathematical process treats the local router as the
"root" of a tree and calculates the shortest path to every other node (router) and prefix in the area based on the cumulative interface costs. Because every router uses the same synchronized map (the LSDB) and the same deterministic algorithm, they all arrive at a consistent, loop-free view of the best paths.
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, the Dijkstra algorithm is superior to theBellman- Ford algorithm(used by distance-vector protocols like RIP) in this regard. Bellman-Ford is susceptible to
"count-to-infinity" problems and loops because routers only know the distance and direction to a destination provided by their neighbors, rather than the full topology. In OSPF, even if a link fails, the updated Link-State Advertisement (LSA) is flooded rapidly, and the Dijkstra algorithm is re-run to find a new loop-free path.
Routing policies(Option B) are used to manipulate path selection or filter routes but are not the primary mechanism for fundamental loop prevention in OSPF. Similarly,forwarding policies(Option D) govern how traffic is handled at the data plane level rather than determining the control plane's loop-free topology.
NEW QUESTION # 80
Click the Exhibit button. All devices in the network are configured correctly and the path requirements are valid. Referring to the exhibit, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
According to the exhibit, the primary LSP is configured with a strict path via R2 to R4. Since the configuration shows valid next-hops and there is no indication of any issues, the primary LSP will be signaled and its state will be up. The secondary LSP with any-path is also configured and will be signaled as a backup; therefore, its state will be up as well, ready to take over if the primary fails.
NEW QUESTION # 81
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